Trajectories of Pure and Co-Occurring Internalizing and Externalizing Problems From Age 2 to Age 12: Findings From the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care
Trajectories of Pure and Co-Occurring Internalizing and Externalizing Problems From Age 2 to Age 12: Findings From the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care
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DOI：
10.1037/a0020659
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Henrich, Christopher C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fanti, Kostas A.;Henrich, Christopher C.
内在化和外在化问题，来自不同诊断类别代表不同形式的精神病理学的精神病理学问题，如何以及为什么在儿童中共同发生？本研究采用潜在班级成长分析法，考察了2 - 12岁幼儿单纯的内化和外化问题以及内化和外化问题共存的发展过程。此外，我们还研究了儿童早期因素（气质、认知功能、母亲抑郁和家庭环境）以及青少年早期社会和行为适应变量与纯粹和共同发生的内化和外化问题的不同轨迹之间的关系。样本（国家儿童健康和人类发展研究所幼儿保育研究）包括1,232名儿童（52%为男性）。母亲报告的儿童行为检查表（Achenbach，1991，1992）被用来构建外化和内化问题的轨迹。分析确定了儿童群体表现出纯粹的和共同发生的内化和外化问题。在10年的调查期内，表现出持续外化或持续共存的内化和外化问题的儿童更有可能（a）从事危险行为，（B）与越轨的同龄人联系在一起，（c）被同龄人拒绝，（d）在青春期早期与同龄人社交。然而，随着时间的推移，表现出纯粹的内化问题的儿童只是在青少年早期与同龄人社交的风险更高。此外，个人和环境的幼儿期风险因素的叠加效应影响慢性外化问题的发展，虽然纯内化问题是唯一的影响母亲抑郁症。结果也为等终性和多终性的概念提供了证据。
How and why do internalizing and externalizing problems, psychopathological problems from different diagnostic classes representing separate forms of psychopathology, co-occur in children? We investigated the development of pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems from ages 2 to 12 with the use of latent class growth analysis. Furthermore, we examined how early childhood factors (temperament, cognitive functioning, maternal depression, and home environment) and early adolescent social and behavioral adjustment variables were related to differential trajectories of pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems. The sample (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care) consisted of 1,232 children (52% male). Mother reports on the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991, 1992) were used to construct the trajectories of externalizing and internalizing problems. Analyses identified groups of children exhibiting pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems. Children exhibiting continuous externalizing or continuous co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems across the 10-year period under investigation were more likely to (a) engage in risky behaviors, (b) be associated with deviant peers, (c) be rejected by peers, and (d) be asocial with peers at early adolescence. However, children exhibiting pure internalizing problems over time were only at higher risk for being asocial with peers as early adolescents. Moreover, the additive effects of individual and environmental early childhood risk factors influenced the development of chronic externalizing problems, although pure internalizing problems were uniquely influenced by maternal depression. Results also provided evidence for the concepts of equifinality and multifinality.