Epidemiology of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer - The role of sunlight
Epidemiology of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer - The role of sunlight
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DOI：
10.1007/978-0-387-77574-6_8
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Garbe, Claus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leiter, Ulrike;Garbe, Claus
黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌（NMSC）现在是白色人群中最常见的癌症类型。这两种肿瘤实体在全球范围内的发病率都在增加，但死亡率稳定或下降。（1，2）NMSC发病率的上升可能是由于阳光照射或紫外线（UV）照射增加，户外活动增加，服装风格改变，寿命延长，臭氧消耗，遗传学以及在某些情况下免疫抑制的组合引起的。皮肤鳞状细胞癌（SCC）的风险呈剂量依赖性增加，与暴露于Pdifen和UVA照射有关。儿童期和青少年期的强烈紫外线暴露是基底细胞癌（BCC）发生的原因，而SCC的病因则是早期几十年的慢性紫外线暴露。皮肤恶性黑色素瘤是白色人群中增长最快的癌症。其发生的频率与皮肤的构成颜色密切相关，并取决于地理区域。澳大利亚昆士兰州报告的发病率最高，男性每年每10万人中有56例新发病例，女性为43例。黑色素瘤的死亡率显示稳定。在美国，澳大利亚和欧洲国家。肿瘤厚度是原发性黑色素瘤最重要的预后因素。自过去二十年以来，薄黑素瘤的趋势一直存在。流行病学研究已经证实了一个假设，即大多数黑色素瘤病例至少部分是由过度暴露于阳光下引起的。与鳞状细胞癌相反，黑色素瘤的风险似乎与累积无关，而是与间歇性暴露于阳光有关。因此，开展预防和早期发现运动是必要的。
Melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) are now the most common types of cancer in white populations. Both tumor entities show an increasing incidence rate worldwide but a stable or decreasing mortality rate.(1,2) The rising incidence rates of NMSC are probably caused by a combination of increased sun exposure or exposure to ultraviolet (UV) fight, increased outdoor activities, changes in clothing style, increased longevity, ozone depletion, genetics and in some cases, immune suppression. A dose-dependent increase in the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin was found associated with exposure to Psoralen and UVA irradiation. An intensive UV exposure in childhood and adolescence was causative for the development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) whereas for the aetiology of SCC a chronic UV exposure in the earlier decades was accused.Cutaneous malignant melanoma is the most rapidly increasing cancer in white populations. The frequency of its occurrence is closely associated with the constitutive colour of the skin and depends on the geographical zone. The highest incidence rates have been reported from Queensland, Australia with 56 new cases per year per 100,000 for men and 43 for women. Mortality rates of melanoma show a stabilisation. in the USA, Australia and also in European countries. The tumor thickness is the most important prognostic factor in primary melanoma. There is an ongoing trend towards thin melanoma since the last two decades. Epidemiological studies have confirmed the hypothesis that the majority of all melanoma cases are caused, at least in part, by excessive exposure to sunlight. In contrast to squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma risk seems not to be associated with cumulative, but intermittent exposure to sunlight. Therefore campaigns for prevention and early detection are necessary.