Exposure to o-Toluidine, Aniline, and Nitrobenzene in a Rubber Chemical Manufacturing Plant: A Retrospective Exposure Assessment Update
Exposure to o-Toluidine, Aniline, and Nitrobenzene in a Rubber Chemical Manufacturing Plant: A Retrospective Exposure Assessment Update
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DOI：
10.1080/15459624.2012.693836
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Ruder, Avima M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hanley, Kevin W.;Viet, Susan M.;Ruder, Avima M.
国家职业安全与健康研究所此前对一家橡胶化工厂的工人进行了一项回顾性癌症发病率和死亡率研究。与纽约州的发病率相比，膀胱癌的风险是6.5倍，被认为有明确的接触邻甲苯胺和苯胺的工人，和4倍，高出工人的可能接触。在最初的研究中，暴露特征利用了一种替代措施，这种替代措施仅基于每个工人曾经受雇的部门。作为该研究更新的一部分，三个原始暴露组中的一些部门根据后续现场访问进行了重新分类;与员工，管理层和工会代表的访谈;以及对包括暴露数据在内的记录的审查。对部门-职务组合而不是仅对部门进行了额外的评价，将暴露分为四类。还使用0至10的等级表为每个部门-工作-年组合的“相对”接触水平分配了一个近似等级。这些排名是由量化的暴露水平和专业判断支持的。根据全面的个人工作历史，通过将暴露等级乘以每项工作的持续时间，对每名工人进行数字等级评定。该队列的累积秩评分范围为0至300单位年。暴露类别的累积等级分数中位数与增加的暴露类别（e.例如，在一个实施例中，四种暴露类别分别为0.72、4.6、11、14单位年）。从1976年至2004年在该工厂收集的工人呼吸区空气采样数据远低于这些化学品的公布职业接触限值，但报告了其他膀胱癌病例。暴露评估修订和秩估计将用于分析更新的膀胱癌发病率数据。
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health previously conducted a retrospective cancer incidence and mortality study of workers employed at a rubber chemical manufacturing plant. Compared with New York State incidence, the bladder cancer risk was 6.5 times higher for workers considered to have definite exposure to ortho-toluidine and aniline, and 4 times higher for workers with possible exposure. Exposure characterization in the original study utilized a surrogate measure based only on departments in which each worker was ever employed. As part of an update of that study, some departments in the three original exposure groups were reclassified based on a follow-up site visit; interviews with employees, management, and union representatives; and review of records including exposure data. An additional evaluation of department-job combinations, rather than only departments, was used to stratify exposure into four categories. An approximate rank of "relative" exposure level for each department-job-year combination was also assigned using a ranking scale of 0 to 10. The ranks were supported by quantitative exposure levels and by professional judgment. The numerical ranking scale was applied to each worker by multiplying the exposure rank by duration for each job held based on comprehensive individual work histories. The cumulative rank scores for this cohort ranged from 0 to 300 unit-years. The medians of the cumulative rank scores for the exposure categories showed very good agreement with increasing exposure classifications (e. g., 0.72, 4.6, 11, 14 unit-years for the four exposure categories). Workers' breathing zone air sampling data collected at this plant from 1976-2004 were well below published occupational exposure limits for these chemicals, but additional cases of bladder cancer have been reported. The exposure assessment revisions and rank estimates will be used to analyze the updated bladder cancer incidence data.