Transdermal nicotine maintenance attenuates the subjective and reinforcing effects of intravenous nicotine, but not cocaine or caffeine, in cigarette-smoking stimulant abusers.
Transdermal nicotine maintenance attenuates the subjective and reinforcing effects of intravenous nicotine, but not cocaine or caffeine, in cigarette-smoking stimulant abusers.
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透皮尼古丁维持会减弱静脉注射尼古丁的主观和增强作用，但不会减弱可卡因或咖啡因对吸烟兴奋剂滥用者的影响。
DOI：
10.1038/sj.npp.1300415
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Griffiths,RolandR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sobel,Bai-FangX;Sigmon,StaceyC;Griffiths,RolandR
在9名有烟草、咖啡因和可卡因使用史的志愿者中，使用双盲程序检查了经皮尼古丁维持对静脉注射可卡因、咖啡因和尼古丁的主观、强化和心血管效应的影响。每个参与者暴露于两个长期药物维持阶段（21 mg/天尼古丁透皮贴剂和安慰剂透皮贴剂）。在每个药物阶段，受试者在几天内以混合顺序接受安慰剂、可卡因（15和30 mg/70 kg）、咖啡因（200和400 mg/70 kg）和尼古丁（1.0和2.0 mg/70 kg）的静脉注射。在药物或安慰剂注射之前和之后重复收集主观和心血管数据。每次注射后，还使用药物与金钱多项选择表评估了强化效果。静脉注射可卡因产生了强烈的剂量相关的主观和强化作用的增加，这些作用并没有改变尼古丁的维持。静脉注射咖啡因产生升高的几个主观评级;尼古丁的维护并不影响这些评级。在安慰剂维持条件下，静脉内尼古丁产生了强烈的剂量相关主观效应，最大增幅与高剂量可卡因相似;尼古丁维持显著降低了静脉内尼古丁的主观和强化效应。本研究的结果表明，长期尼古丁维持对静脉内尼古丁的作用产生耐受性，但不影响可卡因或咖啡因的主观或强化作用。
The effects of transdermal nicotine maintenance on the subjective, reinforcing, and cardiovascular effects of intravenously administered cocaine, caffeine, and nicotine were examined using double-blind procedures in nine volunteers with histories of using tobacco, caffeine, and cocaine. Each participant was exposed to two chronic drug maintenance phases (21 mg/day nicotine transdermal patch and placebo transdermal patch). Within each drug phase, the participant received intravenous injections of placebo, cocaine (15 and 30 mg/70 kg), caffeine (200 and 400 mg/70 kg), and nicotine (1.0 and 2.0 mg/70 kg) in mixed order across days. Subjective and cardiovascular data were collected before and repeatedly after drug or placebo injection. Reinforcing effects were also assessed after each injection with a Drug vs Money Multiple-Choice Form. Intravenous cocaine produced robust dose-related increases in subjective and reinforcing effects; these effects were not altered by nicotine maintenance. Intravenous caffeine produced elevations on several subjective ratings; nicotine maintenance did not affect these ratings. Under the placebo maintenance condition, intravenous nicotine produced robust dose-related subjective effects, with maximal increases similar to the high dose of cocaine; nicotine maintenance significantly decreased the subjective and reinforcing effects of intravenous nicotine. The results of the present study demonstrate that chronic nicotine maintenance produces tolerance to the effects of intravenous nicotine, but does not affect the subjective or reinforcing effects of cocaine or caffeine.