INTERNAL ANAL-SPHINCTER IN CAT - STUDY OF NERVOUS MECHANISMS AFFECTING TONE AND REFLEX ACTIVITY
INTERNAL ANAL-SPHINCTER IN CAT - STUDY OF NERVOUS MECHANISMS AFFECTING TONE AND REFLEX ACTIVITY
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DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010747
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发表时间：
1974-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
JONES, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GARRETT, JR;HOWARD, ER;JONES, W
1. 使用腔内球囊记录直肠和肛门内括约肌的平滑肌活动。2.在各种阻断药物组合之前和之后评估了由直肠扩张引起的括约肌的反射激活。3．在各种阻断药物组合之前和之后测试了对刺激腹下或骶神经或对具有自主神经作用的药物的反应。 4．结果表明，肛门内括约肌的张力受到多种神经机制的影响。这些包括涉及α-肾上腺素能和胆碱能机制的运动通路以及涉及β-肾上腺素能和非肾上腺素能非胆碱能机制的抑制通路。5。 α-肾上腺素能阻断后，括约肌的胆碱能收缩转变为松弛。这表明收缩是通过肾上腺素能反射产生的间接效应。胆碱能松弛也可能是间接的，并通过继发于直肠收缩的反射抑制来起作用。6。括约肌运动活动主要通过直接作用于肌肉的肾上腺素能神经的α-肾上腺素能机制来控制。 β-肾上腺素能抑制机制被认为是通过神经节间接起作用的。7。括约肌的整体控制是通过涉及众多途径的复杂反射机制实现的，并且括约肌在任一时刻的活动都由运动影响和抑制影响之间的净平衡决定。8．骶神经刺激表明它包含直肠的胆碱能神经、括约肌的非肾上腺素非胆碱能抑制性轴突和括约肌的不同数量的肾上腺素能轴突。9。正如文献中多次描述的那样，括约肌对药物和神经刺激的反应常常是可变的。据认为，这是由于间接反射效应的复杂组合所致，继发于括约肌外部结构的激活，与对括约肌本身的直接效应一起作用或对抗。
1. Smooth muscle activities in rectum and internal anal sphincter have been recorded using intraluminal balloons.2. Reflex activation of the sphincter, caused by distension of the rectum, has been assessed before and after various combinations of blocking drugs.3. Responses to stimulation of hypogastric or sacral nerves, or to the administration of drugs with autonomic actions have been tested before and after various combinations of blocking drugs.4. Results indicate that the tone of the internal anal sphincter is influenced by a number of neural mechanisms. These include motor pathways involving both α‐adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms and inhibitory pathways involving both β‐adrenergic and non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic mechanisms.5. Cholinergic contractions of the sphincter were converted to relaxations after α‐adrenergic blockade. This indicates that the contractions are an indirect effect operating through an adrenergic reflex. Cholinergic relaxations may also be indirect and operate through reflex inhibition secondary to rectal contractions.6. Sphincteric motor activity is controlled largely through α‐adrenergic mechanisms by adrenergic nerves acting directly on the muscle. β‐Adrenergic inhibitory mechanisms are thought to operate indirectly via ganglia.7. The over‐all control of the sphincter is by complex reflex mechanisms involving numerous pathways and the activity of the sphincter at any one time is determined by the net balance between motor and inhibitory influences.8. Sacral nerve stimulation indicated that it contains cholinergic nerves to the rectum, non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic inhibitory axons to the sphincter and variable numbers of adrenergic axons to the sphincter.9. Responses of the sphincter to drugs and nerve stimulation were often variable, as has been described many times in the literature. It is considered that this is due to complex combinations of indirect reflex effects, secondary to activation of structures outside the sphincter, operating with or against direct effects on the sphincter itself.