Perceived discrimination, race and health in South Africa
Perceived discrimination, race and health in South Africa
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.021
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Stein, Dan J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams, David R.;Gonzalez, Hector M.;Stein, Dan J.
为了评估南非人所感知的急性和慢性种族和非种族歧视的程度、它们与健康的关系以及它们对身心健康方面的种族差异的影响程度，使用了来自全国成人概率样本、南非压力与健康研究 (SASH) 的数据。南非所有黑人群体（非洲人、有色人种和印度人）报告严重和长期种族歧视经历的可能性是白人的两到四倍。非洲人和有色人种的健康状况不佳程度高于白人，但急性和慢性种族歧视与健康状况不佳无关，并且在解释自评健康方面的种族差异方面并不重要。相比之下，所有黑人群体的心理困扰程度都高于白人，并且感知到的长期歧视与困扰呈正相关。此外，这些经历解释了社会经济地位调整后残留的种族差异。我们的主要研究结果表明，在历史上种族化的社会中，感知到的长期种族歧视，尤其是非种族歧视的行为独立于人口因素、其他压力源、心理因素（社会期望、自尊和个人掌控力）以及多种社会经济地位指标，对心理健康产生不利影响。 (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
To assess the levels of perceived acute and chronic racial and non-racial discrimination in South Africa, their association with health, and the extent to which they contribute to racial differences in physical and mental health, data were used from a national probability sample of adults, the South African Stress and Health Study (SASH). All Black groups in South Africa (African, Coloured and Indian) were two to four times more likely than Whites to report acute and chronic experiences of racial discrimination. Africans and Coloureds report higher levels of ill health than Whites, but acute and chronic racial discrimination were unrelated to ill health and unimportant in accounting for racial differences in selfrated health. In contrast, all Black groups had higher levels of psychological distress than Whites, and perceived chronic discrimination was positively associated with distress. Moreover, these experiences accounted for some of the residual racial differences in distress after adjustment for socioeconomic status. Our main findings indicate that, in a historically racialized society, perceived chronic racial and especially non-racial discrimination acts independently of demographic factors, other stressors, psychological factors (social desirability, self-esteem and personal mastery), and multiple SES indicators to adversely affect mental health. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.