Orthorexia nervosa: An integrative literature review of a lifestyle syndrome
Orthorexia nervosa: An integrative literature review of a lifestyle syndrome
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DOI：
10.3402/qhw.v10.26799
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Lindgren, Eva-Carin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haman, Linn;Barker-Ruchti, Natalie;Lindgren, Eva-Carin
Bratman在20世纪90年代末首次提出神经性正食症，他将其定义为痴迷于吃健康的食物，以实现例如改善健康的目标。今天，在瑞典媒体中，过度锻炼在矫形症中扮演着核心角色。已经进行了几篇关于矫形术的综述文章；然而，这些文章没有集中在食物和进食、运动、锻炼或社会视角的方面。这项研究的总体目的是提供一个概述和综合的科学哲学方法形成目前的矫形术的学术框架。关键问题是：食物和饮食的哪些方面与矫形症有关？运动和运动在矫形术中扮演了什么角色？正性厌食症是以什么方式与背景联系在一起的？因此，健康的概念被用来讨论和背景矫正。使用的方法是综合文献回顾；材料涵盖在同行评议期刊上发表的19篇经验性和理论性文章。这篇综述展示了正畸研究的多面性；这一领域已从四种不同的科学方法哲学(即经验原子主义、经验原子主义和经验-整体、经验-整体和理性-整体)在个人、社会和社会层面上进行了审查。大多数文章遵循经验原子论的方法，将矫形作为一个个体问题来讨论，这是用健康主义来讨论的。我们的分析表明，需要(A)进行更多的经验-整体研究，采用解释性的定性方法，并使用健康的社会观点，例如，健康主义；(B)检查运动和锻炼与矫形症有关的作用，其中考虑到运动背景下“正食症行为”的问题化。
Bratman first proposed orthorexia nervosa in the late 1990s, defining it an obsession with eating healthy food to achieve, for instance, improved health. Today, in the Swedish media, excessive exercising plays a central role in relation to orthorexia. A few review articles on orthorexia have been conducted; however, these have not focused on aspects of food and eating, sport, exercise, or a societal perspective. The overall aim of this study was to provide an overview and synthesis of what philosophies of science approaches form the current academic framework of orthorexia. Key questions were: What aspects of food and eating are related to orthorexia? What role do exercise and sports play in relation to orthorexia? In what ways are orthorexia contextualized? Consequently, the concept of healthism was used to discuss and contextualize orthorexia. The method used was an integrative literature review; the material covered 19 empirical and theoretical articles published in peer-reviewed journals. This review demonstrates a multifaceted nature of orthorexia research; this field has been examined from four different philosophies of science approaches (i.e., empirical-atomistic, empirical-atomistic with elements of empirical-holistic, empirical-holistic, and rational-holistic) on individual, social, and societal levels. The majority of the articles followed an empirical-atomistic approach that focused on orthorexia as an individual issue, which was discussed using healthism. Our analysis indicates a need for (a) more empirical-holistic research that applies interpretive qualitative methods and uses a social perspective of health, e.g., healthism and (b) examining the role of sports and exercise in relation to orthorexia that takes the problematizing of "orthorexic behaviours" within the sports context into account.