Measuring Spatial Separation Processes through the Minimum Commute: the Case of Flanders
Measuring Spatial Separation Processes through the Minimum Commute: the Case of Flanders
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通过最短通勤测量空间分离过程：法兰德斯案例
DOI：
10.18757/ejtir.2011.11.1.2911
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
F. Witlox
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kobe Boussauw;B. Derudder;F. Witlox
无论出行方式如何，个人通勤出行的平均距离逐年增加。造成这一现象的原因是多种多样的。虽然日益繁荣往往被援引为主要原因，但空间规划学科也指出了土地使用政策的相关性，这些政策促成了郊区化和无计划扩张的进程。通过计算空间分解的理论最小通勤距离的时间序列，本文提供了一种识别和量化住房市场和就业市场之间的空间分离过程的方法。我们确定检测到的空间分离作为一个可能的指标的贡献的空间过程的交通增长。在案例研究领域的弗兰德斯和布鲁塞尔（比利时），它被发现，随着时间的推移，最小通勤距离增加，在许多城市，特别是在人口增长速度超过就业供应，或传统的高度集中的就业仍然增加。在郊区，由于获得了相当多的功能组合，城市特征越来越明显，这种情况有所减少。对于整个研究区域，我们确实记录了家庭和工作地点之间越来越大的空间分离。然而，这种分离的发展速度低于通勤距离本身的增加。在方法论上，我们发现，将城市作为一个空间实体，对于把握经济的区域转型和城市间的郊区化和半城市化形式是合适的。然而，一个类似的方法，应用在一个更详细的地理尺度，可以用来检测过程中的蔓延形态的意义。
The average distance covered by individual commuting trips increases year after year, regardless of the travel mode. The causes of this phenomenon are diverse. Although increasing prosperity is often invoked as the main reason, the discipline of spatial planning also points to the relevance of land-use policies that enable processes of suburbanization and sprawl. By calculating time series of spatially disaggregated theoretical minimum commuting distances, this paper offers a method to identify and quantify the process of spatial separation between the housing market and the job market. We identify the detected spatial separation as one of the possible indicators for the contribution of spatial processes to the growth of traffic. In the case study area of Flanders and Brussels (Belgium), it is found that over time the minimum commuting distance increased in many municipalities, especially where population is growing faster than job supply, or where traditionally high concentrations of employment still increase. Decreases are noticed in suburban areas that are getting a more urban character by acquiring a considerable functional mix. For the study area in its entirety, we do indeed register an increasing spatial separation between home and work locations. However, this separation evolves less rapidly than the increase in commuting distances itself. Regarding the methodology, we find that the use of municipalities as a spatial entity is suitable for grasping regional transformations of the economy and intermunicipal forms of suburbanization and peri-urbanization. However, a similar methodology, applied at a more detailed geographical scale, could be used to detect processes of sprawl in the morphological sense.