X-ray Scattering Studies of Protein Structural Dynamics.
X-ray Scattering Studies of Protein Structural Dynamics.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00790
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发表时间：
2017-06-28
期刊：
影响因子：
62.1
通讯作者：
Ando N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meisburger SP;Thomas WC;Watkins MB;Ando N
X射线散射是唯一适合于无序系统的研究，因此有可能提供洞察动态过程中衍射方法失败。特别是，虽然X射线晶体学已经是结构生物学的主食超过半个世纪，并将继续如此，这种技术的一个主要限制是缺乏动态信息。溶液X射线散射已成为研究生物大分子结构和机理的重要工具。这样的系统包括在引导生物化学途径的代谢通量中起关键作用的变构酶，以及合成具有药物应用的次级代谢物的大型装配线型酶。此外，晶体学有可能通过与布拉格衍射重叠的漫散射图案提供有关蛋白质动力学的信息。从历史上看，这些模式一直很难解释，但最近在X射线检测的进步导致了漫散射分析作为一种方式来探测相关的运动重新感兴趣。在这里，我们将回顾X射线散射理论，并强调在散射为基础的蛋白质溶液和晶体的调查，特别关注复杂的酶的最新进展。
X-ray scattering is uniquely suited to the study of disordered systems and thus has the potential to provide insight into dynamic processes where diffraction methods fail. In particular, while X-ray crystallography has been a staple of structural biology for more than half a century and will continue to remain so, a major limitation of this technique has been the lack of dynamic information. Solution X-ray scattering has become an invaluable tool in structural and mechanistic studies of biological macromolecules where large conformational changes are involved. Such systems include allosteric enzymes that play key roles in directing metabolic fluxes of biochemical pathways, as well as large, assembly-line type enzymes that synthesize secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, crystallography has the potential to provide information on protein dynamics via the diffuse scattering patterns that are overlaid with Bragg diffraction. Historically, these patterns have been very difficult to interpret, but recent advances in X-ray detection have led to a renewed interest in diffuse scattering analysis as a way to probe correlated motions. Here, we will review X-ray scattering theory and highlight recent advances in scattering-based investigations of protein solutions and crystals, with a particular focus on complex enzymes.
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