When cats need to see to step accurately?
When cats need to see to step accurately?
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DOI：
10.1113/jp282255
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发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Beloozerova, Irina N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Volgushev, Maxim;Nguyen, Celina T.;Iyer, Gautam S.;Beloozerova, Irina N.
在复杂的地形上移动通常需要视觉。然而，视觉如何服务于运动还没有得到很好的理解。在这里，我们询问了何时收集精确步进所需的视觉信息以及其获取与步进周期的关系。在两种性别的猫，我们表明，一个短暂的（200-400毫秒）中断的视觉输入可以迅速影响猫的步行沿着一个水平的梯子。根据步进周期内的阶段，200 ms的黑暗周期可以完全耐受，而不会对步幅产生任何变化，或者可能导致步幅持续时间的轻微增加。300-400毫秒的视觉输入拒绝的影响，这通常延长的立场和/或摆动，也取决于黑暗开始的阶段。步幅持续时间的增加总是小于黑暗持续时间的增加。我们的结论是，收集的视觉信息，规划一个摆动开始从中间的前一个立场，直到开始的当前摆动。对于站立（和/或另一个爪子的摆动），从先前站立的结束开始直到当前站立的中间收集视觉信息。在这些窗口期间的视觉信息的获取是不均匀的，而是取决于步骤周期的阶段。值得注意的是，这些窗口的扩展和它们的非均匀性都与猫的凝视行为模式密切相关，如前所述。这一新的认识将有助于指导研究和理解视觉整合的神经机制和运动过程中步幅对视觉功能的调节。准确地踩在水平梯子的横档上需要视力。我们发现，收集视觉信息的运动是不均匀的整个步幅周期。在猫中，在摆动过程中短暂地拒绝视觉输入会影响前肢的下一个姿势。在一个站姿期间拒绝视觉输入包括这个站姿，以及下一个挥杆和站姿。这种步周期依赖性的视觉信息的采集运动和受影响的摆动和/或姿态的模式是密切相关的猫的凝视行为的模式，如前所述。
Locomotion on complex terrains often requires vision. However, how vision serves locomotion is not well understood. Here, we asked when visual information necessary for accurate stepping is collected and how its acquisition relates to the step cycle. In cats of both sexes, we showed that a brief (200–400 ms) interruption of visual input can rapidly influence cat’s walking along a horizontal ladder. Depending on the phase within the step cycle, a 200 ms period of darkness could be tolerated fully without any changes to the strides or could lead to minor increases of stride duration. The effects of 300–400 ms of visual input denial, which typically prolonged stances and/or swings, also depended on the phase of the darkness onset. The increase of the duration of strides was always shorter than the duration of darkness. We conclude that visual information for planning a swing is collected starting from the middle of the preceding stance until the beginning of the current swing. For a stance (and/or a swing of the other paw), visual information is collected starting from the end of the previous stance and until the middle of the current stance. Acquisition of visual information during these windows is not uniform but depends on the phase of the step cycle. Notably, both the extension of these windows and their non-homogeneity are closely related to the pattern of gaze behaviour in cats, described previously. This new knowledge will help to guide research and understanding of neuronal mechanisms of visuomotor integration and modulation of visual function by strides during locomotion. Accurate stepping on crosspieces of a horizontal ladder requires vision. We show that collection of visual information for locomotion is not uniform throughout the stride cycle. In cats, brief denial of visual input during a swing prolongs the next stance of that forelimb. Denial of visual input during a stance prolongs this stance, and the next swing and stance. This step-cycle dependence of the acquisition of visual information for locomotion and the pattern of affected swings and/or stances are closely related to the pattern of gaze behaviour in cats, described previously.