Landscape-level crop diversity benefits biological pest control
Landscape-level crop diversity benefits biological pest control
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13126
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Redlich, Sarah;Martin, Emily A.;Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
1. 景观级作物多样化是一种很有前途的生态集约化工具，从而增强生物多样性和生态系统服务，减少农药的使用。然而，在不同的尺度和不同的景观背景下，缺乏作物多样性影响的证据。在此，我们研究了冬小麦多尺度作物多样性对天敌和整体生物防治的潜在效益和环境依赖性。同时，我们还研究了鸟类捕食对该系统中蚜虫调节的中介作用。按作物多样性和半自然生境覆盖度两个独立梯度选择18块常规冬小麦田。我们通过天敌排除实验（“开放处理”、“鸟类隔离”、“完全隔离”）来评估生物防治。在6个空间尺度（100- 3000 m）上分析了生物防治、笼内捕食者和寄生蜂密度与景观（作物多样性× SNH）、鸟类捕食（是/否）和时间变化（3次调查）的关系。在我们的研究系统中，作物多样性而非SNH促进了蚜虫的调节。作物多样性水平高的农田生物防治效果比多样性水平低的农田高8% ~ 33%，生物防治效果主要体现在尺度上
1. Landscape-level crop diversification is a promising tool for ecological intensification, whereby biodiversity and ecosystem services are enhanced, and pesticide applications reduced. Yet evidence for the effects of crop diversity at multiple scales and in different landscape contexts is lacking. Here, we investigate the potential benefits and context dependencies of multiscale crop diversity on natural enemies and overall biological control in winter wheat. Simultaneously, we examine the mediating effects of bird predation on aphid regulation in this system.2. Eighteen conventional winter wheat fields were selected along two independent gradients of crop diversity and semi-natural habitat cover (SNH). We assessed biological control using a natural enemy exclusion experiment ("Open Treatment," "Bird Exclosure," "Full Exclosure"). Biological control, predator and parasitoid densities within cages were analysed as functions of landscape (crop diversity x SNH), bird predation (yes/no) and temporal change (three surveys) on six spatial scales (100-3,000 m).3. Crop diversity rather than SNH enhanced aphid regulation in our study system. Biological control in fields with high landscape-level crop diversity was 8%-33% higher than in low-diversity landscapes, with main effects observed on scales