An update on carbon nanotube-enabled X-ray sources for biomedical imaging.
An update on carbon nanotube-enabled X-ray sources for biomedical imaging.
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DOI：
10.1002/wnan.1475
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lee, Yueh Z
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作者：
Puett, Connor;Inscoe, Christina;Lee, Yueh Z
利用碳纳米管（CNT）作为x射线管的电子发射器（阴极），出现了一种新的成像技术。由于碳纳米管阴极的性能由简单的电压操纵控制，因此启用碳纳米管的x射线源是捕获三维信息所需的重复成像步骤的理想选择。因此，他们允许开发用于小动物研究的门控微型计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描仪以及固定式断层合成，这是一种用于大视场人体成像的实验技术。小动物CT可以获取呼吸周期和心周期特定点的图像。因此，纵向成像成为可能，并已应用于许多研究问题，从肿瘤反应到心输出量的无创评估。数字断层合成（DT）是一种低剂量、低成本的人体成像工具，可以捕获一些深度信息。DT被称为三维乳房x线照相术，现在临床上用于乳房成像。然而，目前批准的DT的分辨率受到需要在空间中摆动x射线源以收集一系列投影视图的限制。一组固定和分布的碳纳米管源提供了解决方案，并已用于构建用于乳房、肺部和牙科成像的固定DT设备。迄今为止，已有100多名患者根据机构审查委员会批准的研究方案进行了成像。早期的经验是有希望的，显示出非常明显的软组织特征，同时也突出了技术和采集后处理的局限性，这些局限性正在指导继续的研究和开发。此外，碳纳米管光源正在微型x射线管中进行测试，该射线管能够产生足够的光子能量和管电流，用于临床成像。虽然这些小型视场设备有许多潜在的应用，但最初的经验是可以插入口腔进行牙科成像的x射线源。碳纳米管x射线源诞生于不到20年前，现在已经开始商业化生产，并为研究工具和实验性人体成像设备提供动力。生物工程学报，2018,33(4):444 - 444。doi: 10.1002 / wnan.1475本文分类如下：诊断工具>诊断纳米器件诊断工具>体内纳米诊断和成像。
A new imaging technology has emerged that uses carbon nanotubes (CNT) as the electron emitter (cathode) for the X-ray tube. Since the performance of the CNT cathode is controlled by simple voltage manipulation, CNT-enabled X-ray sources are ideal for the repetitive imaging steps needed to capture three-dimensional information. As such, they have allowed the development of a gated micro-computed tomography (CT) scanner for small animal research as well as stationary tomosynthesis, an experimental technology for large field-of-view human imaging. The small animal CT can acquire images at specific points in the respiratory and cardiac cycles. Longitudinal imaging therefore becomes possible and has been applied to many research questions, ranging from tumor response to the noninvasive assessment of cardiac output. Digital tomosynthesis (DT) is a low-dose and low-cost human imaging tool that captures some depth information. Known as three-dimensional mammography, DT is now used clinically for breast imaging. However, the resolution of currently-approved DT is limited by the need to swing the X-ray source through space to collect a series of projection views. An array of fixed and distributed CNT-enabled sources provides the solution and has been used to construct stationary DT devices for breast, lung, and dental imaging. To date, over 100 patients have been imaged on Institutional Review Board-approved study protocols. Early experience is promising, showing an excellent conspicuity of soft-tissue features, while also highlighting technical and post-acquisition processing limitations that are guiding continued research and development. Additionally, CNT-enabled sources are being tested in miniature X-ray tubes that are capable of generating adequate photon energies and tube currents for clinical imaging. Although there are many potential applications for these small field-of-view devices, initial experience has been with an X-ray source that can be inserted into the mouth for dental imaging. Conceived less than 20 years ago, CNT-enabled X-ray sources are now being manufactured on a commercial scale and are powering both research tools and experimental human imaging devices. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2018, 10:e1475. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1475 This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.