Uses and biases of volunteer water quality data.
Uses and biases of volunteer water quality data.
复制标题
志愿者水质数据的使用和偏差。
DOI：
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复制
发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
J. Schnoor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. V. Loperfido;Pieter Beyer;C. Just;J. Schnoor
国家水质监测已经通过美国各地的志愿者监测计划得到加强。尽管志愿者做出了重大努力，但志愿者数据是否准确并可供监管机构使用的问题仍然存在。在这项研究中，从实验室和环境样本在爱荷华州的典型志愿者水质测量的误差和偏差进行了分析。在实验室制备的样品和环境样品中，硝酸盐+亚硝酸盐的志愿者测量值显着低于（约2倍）通过标准方法测定的浓度。由志愿者分析的总活性磷浓度与通过实验室制备的样品和环境样品中的标准方法测定的测量值相似，但在统计学上低于五个实验室制备的样品中的四个的实际浓度。志愿者的水质测量是成功的识别和分类的沃茨，违反美国环境保护署建议的总氮（66%）和总磷（52%）的水质标准时，占志愿者数据的误差和偏差的准确性提高。了解志愿者水质测量的误差和偏差，可以使监管机构将志愿者水质数据纳入总最大日负荷规划或国家水质报告。
State water quality monitoring has been augmented by volunteer monitoring programs throughout the United States. Although a significant effort has been put forth by volunteers, questions remain as to whether volunteer data are accurate and can be used by regulators. In this study, typical volunteer water quality measurements from laboratory and environmental samples in Iowa were analyzed for error and bias. Volunteer measurements of nitrate+nitrite were significantly lower (about 2-fold) than concentrations determined via standard methods in both laboratory-prepared and environmental samples. Total reactive phosphorus concentrations analyzed by volunteers were similar to measurements determined via standard methods in laboratory-prepared samples and environmental samples, but were statistically lower than the actual concentration in four of the five laboratory-prepared samples. Volunteer water quality measurements were successful in identifying and classifying most of the waters which violate United States Environmental Protection Agency recommended water quality criteria for total nitrogen (66%) and for total phosphorus (52%) with the accuracy improving when accounting for error and biases in the volunteer data. An understanding of the error and bias in volunteer water quality measurements can allow regulators to incorporate volunteer water quality data into total maximum daily load planning or state water quality reporting.