Review of non-invasive detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens in exhaled breath condensate.
Review of non-invasive detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens in exhaled breath condensate.
复制标题
呼出气冷凝液中SARS-CoV-2和其他呼吸道病原体的无创检测综述
DOI：
10.1088/1752-7163/ac59c7
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发表时间：
2022-03-18
影响因子：
3.8
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中科院分区：
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作者：
2019年，严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）出现，导致高病毒感染性和人类严重呼吸道疾病（COVID-19）。在全球范围内，有限的大流行缓解策略，包括缺乏诊断测试，导致COVID-19超越卫生系统并在全球人口中传播。目前，近端呼吸道标本（如鼻咽拭子）用于诊断COVID-19，因为它们相对容易收集且适用于大规模筛查。然而，SARS-CoV-2在远端呼吸道的定位与更严重的感染和症状相关。呼出气冷凝液（EBC）是一种样品基质，其包含源自肺泡衬里液的雾化液滴，所述液滴在远端和近端呼吸道中进一步稀释，并在潮式呼吸期间通过冷凝收集。COVID-19大流行导致最近对EBC收集的兴趣重新抬头，EBC收集是一种替代的非侵入性采样方法，用于SARS-CoV-2感染的分期和准确检测。在此，我们回顾了EBC收集检测SARS-CoV-2和其他呼吸道感染的潜在效用。虽然在基础EBC生理学、病原体-气道相互作用和最佳采样方案方面仍有许多有待发现，但EBC与新兴检测方法相结合，为检测SARS-CoV-2提供了一种有前途的非侵入性样本基质。
In 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged to cause high viral infectivity and severe respiratory illness in humans (COVID-19). Worldwide, limited pandemic mitigation strategies, including lack of diagnostic test availability, resulted in COVID-19 overrunning health systems and spreading throughout the global population. Currently, proximal respiratory tract specimens such as nasopharyngeal swabs are used to diagnose COVID-19 because of their relative ease of collection and applicability in large scale screening. However, localization of SARS-CoV-2 in the distal respiratory tract is associated with more severe infection and symptoms. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a sample matrix comprising aerosolized droplets originating from alveolar lining fluid that are further diluted in the distal and then proximal respiratory tract and collected via condensation during tidal breathing. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in recent resurgence of interest in EBC collection as an alternative, non-invasive sampling method for the staging and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Herein, we review the potential utility of EBC collection for detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections. While much remains to be discovered in fundamental EBC physiology, pathogen-airway interactions, and optimal sampling protocols, EBC, combined with emerging detection methods, presents a promising non-invasive sample matrix for detection of SARS-CoV-2.