Workforce Resources for Health in Developing Countries
Workforce Resources for Health in Developing Countries
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DOI：
10.1007/bf03391604
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Tollman, Stephen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bangdiwala, Shrikant I.;Fonn, Sharon;Tollman, Stephen
随着全球化和国家间相互依存程度的提高、卫生工作者的持续移徙、传染病迅速蔓延的复杂威胁以及生活方式的改变，一支强大的卫生工作队伍至关重要。建设卫生人力资源不仅应包括医生和护士等卫生专业人员，还必须考虑到社区卫生工作者、中级工作者和加强的初级卫生保健系统，以扩大覆盖面，满足社会的基本卫生需求。这在低收入和中等收入国家尤其如此，在这些国家，获得保健服务是一个严峻的挑战，卫生工作者面临全球危机，表现为卫生工作者在地理和专业上严重短缺和分布不均。这一巨大的全球性短缺，尽管数量上不准确，但估计超过400万工人。为了应对这一危机，需要采取政策和行动，应对卫生劳动力市场的动态以及卫生工作者队伍的生产和管理，并加强现有卫生系统的绩效。公共卫生学院需要发展能力和领导力的范围，除了医疗保健管理人员和研究人员的传统培训。各国若要接近实现千年发展目标的卫生目标，就应首先查明其卫生问题，以便妥善解决其卫生工作者的需求、留用、征聘和培训问题。
With increased globalization and interdependence among countries, sustained health worker migration and the complex threats of rapidly spreading infectious diseases, as well as changing lifestyles, a strong health workforce is essential. Building the human resources for health should not only include healthcare professionals like physicians and nurses, but must take into consideration community health workers, mid-level workers and strengthened primary healthcare systems to increase coverage and address the basic health needs of societies. This is especially true in low and middle-income countries where healthcare access is a critical challenge.There is a global crisis in the health workforce, expressed in acute shortages and maldistribution of health workers, geographically and professionally. This massive global shortage, though imprecise quantitatively, is estimated at more than 4 million workers. To respond to this crisis, policies and actions are needed to address the dynamics of the health labour market and the production and management of the health workforce, and to strengthen the performance of existing health systems. Schools of public health need to develop the range of capacity and leadership in addition to the traditional training of healthcare managers and researchers. Countries should first identify their health problems in order to properly address their health worker needs, retention, recruitment and training, if they are to come close to reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for health.