Diversity and disparity 'down under': Systematics, biogeography and reproductive modes of the 'marsupial' freshwater Thiaridae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea) in Australia
Diversity and disparity 'down under': Systematics, biogeography and reproductive modes of the 'marsupial' freshwater Thiaridae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea) in Australia
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DOI：
10.1002/zoos.200900004
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Poeppe, Judith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glaubrecht, Matthias;Brinkmann, Nora;Poeppe, Judith
我们在这里系统地修改了澳大利亚的 Thiaridae 类群，这是一组淡水 Cerithioidea ，具有泛热带分布和“有袋动物”（即胎生）繁殖模式。在这片漫长的与世隔绝的大陆上，几个单一属和过多物种的命名使与其他噻虫纲的系统发育和生物地理学关系变得模糊，特别是在东南亚，从而阻碍了对澳大利亚分类单元的进化及其自然历史的深入了解。基于2002年至2007年间对澳大利亚不同地区的五次探险期间自己收集的藏品、对相关类型材料的研究以及与澳大利亚主要博物馆收藏的（主要是壳）材料的比较，我们在此描述和记录了所有相关噻虫类群的形态（成虫和幼虫）和齿舌，讨论了分类学含义和命名后果。我们对所有澳大利亚噻虫类物种的发生情况进行了全面的汇编，记录了它们的地理分布（基于 900 多个记录），参考范围从整个大陆到基于排水的模式。我们从形态学上鉴定出总共十一个不同的物种（也通过分子遗传数据证实为不同的分支，将在其他地方报告），其中六个物种是澳大利亚特有的，即。 “Thiara australis”、Plotiopsis balonnensis 和“Stenomelania” denisoniensis 分布范围较广，黄褐斑、Sermyla venustula 和 Ripalania queenslandica 分布范围较有限。相比之下，Thiara amarula 和 Stenomelania cf. aspirans 以及 Melanoides tuberculata、Plotia scabra 和 Sermyla riqueti 在澳大利亚境外也广泛分布，特别是分别在马来群岛和印度-西太平洋地区。讨论了特别是后三个物种的发生，并得出了相当独特的历史偶然事件的结论。三种噻虫嗪种类，即。 Stenomelania cf. aspirans、Sermyla riqueti 和 Plotia scabra 是澳大利亚首次在此记录。基于蒂亚里达科的新分类框架，我们指出了物种命名和人工描述的一些相关问题，揭示了为什么类型学和早期的分裂实践对于这些真正的“达尔文蜗牛”具有误导性。我们还报告了在澳大利亚噻虫类中发现了两种明显不同的胎生模式，并结合生活史策略的这些繁殖特征讨论了它们在某些河流动物省份和主要排水系统中的分布。而活产的 T. amarula，S. cf.释放 veligers（卵胎生）的 aspirans 和 R. queenslandica 被发现仅在昆士兰州东北部 Jardinian 省的河流和溪流中出现非常有限，五种分布更广泛的澳大利亚特有种 Plotiopsis balonnensis 和“Stenomelania” denisoniensis 以及“Thiara australis”、Sermyla venustula 和 Melasma 莱卡特省的 onca 都会孵化并释放带壳的幼鱼（欧盟胎生）。最后，我们假设这些淡水 Cerithioidea 的不同谱系的进化历史和在澳大利亚的殖民。
We systematically revise here the Australian taxa of the Thiaridae, a group of freshwater Cerithioidea with pantropical distribution and "marsupial" (i.e. viviparous) reproductive modes. On this long isolated continent, the naming of several monotypic genera and a plethora of species have clouded both the phylogenetical and biogeographical relationships with other thiarids, in particular in Southeast Asia, thus hampering insight into the evolution of Australian taxa and their natural history. Based on own collections during five expeditions to various regions in Australia between 2002 and 2007, the study of relevant type material and the comparison with (mostly shell) material from major Australian museum collections, we describe and document here the morphology (of adults and juveniles) and radulae of all relevant thiarid taxa, discussing the taxonomical implications and nomenclatural consequences. Presenting comprehensive compilations of the occurrences for all Australian thiarid species, we document their geographical distribution (based on over 900 records) with references ranging from continent-wide to drainage-based patterns. We morphologically identify a total of eleven distinct species (also corroborated as distinct clades by molecular genetic data, to be reported elsewhere), of which six species are endemic to Australia, viz. "Thiara australis", Plotiopsis balonnensis, and "Stenomelania" denisoniensis with wide distribution and Melasma onca, Sermyla venustula, and Ripalania queenslandica with more restricted ranges. In contrast, Thiara amarula and Stenomelania cf. aspirans as well as Melanoides tuberculata, Plotia scabra, and Sermyla riqueti are widely distributed also outside Australia, in particular in the Malay Archipelago and the Indo-West Pacific, respectively. The occurrences especially of the latter three species are discussed, concluding on quite distinct historical contingencies. Three thiarids species, viz. Stenomelania cf. aspirans, Sermyla riqueti and Plotia scabra, are recorded here for the first time for Australia. Based on a new taxonomic framework for the Thiaridae we point out some of the pertinent problems with naming and artificial delineation of species, revealing why typology and earlier practice of splitting was misleading in case of these truly "Darwinian snails". We also report on finding two clearly distinct viviparous modes in Australian thiarids, discussing their distribution in certain fluvifaunal provinces and major drainage systems in concert with these reproductive features of life history tactics. While the live-bearing T. amarula, S. cf. aspirans, and R. queenslandica, that release veligers (ovo-viviparity), are found to have very restricted occurrences in rivers and streams in the Jardinian province of NE Queensland only, the five more widely distributed Australian endemics Plotiopsis balonnensis and "Stenomelania" denisoniensis as well as "Thiara australis", Sermyla venustula and Melasma onca in the Leichhardtian province all brood and release shelled juveniles (eu-viviparity). Finally, we hypothesize on the evolutionary history and colonization of Australia by different lineages of these freshwater Cerithioidea.