Detection of Zoonotic Enteropathogens in Children and Domestic Animals in a Semirural Community in Ecuador
Detection of Zoonotic Enteropathogens in Children and Domestic Animals in a Semirural Community in Ecuador
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厄瓜多尔半农村社区儿童和家畜中人畜共患肠道病原体的检测
DOI：
10.1128/aem.00795-16
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
G. Trueba
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Vasco;Jay P. Graham;G. Trueba
摘要 动物是人畜共患肠道病原体的重要宿主，在小规模畜牧业生产普遍存在的低收入和中等收入国家 (LMIC)，向人类传播的情况更为频繁。在这项研究中，我们调查了 2014 年 6 月至 8 月厄瓜多尔半农村社区 62 个家庭的 64 名无症状儿童和 203 只家畜的粪便样本中是否存在人畜共患肠道病原体。多位点序列分型 (MLST) 用于评估空肠弯曲杆菌和非典型肠病性大肠杆菌 (aEPEC) 的人畜共患传播，这两种细菌是最常见的细菌病原体儿童和家畜（分别为 30.7% 和 10.5%）。儿童和家畜之间空肠弯曲菌的四种序列类型 (ST) 和 aEPEC 的四种序列类型 (ST) 是相同的。空肠弯曲菌的明显人类感染源是鸡、狗、豚鼠和兔，aEPEC 的明显感染源是猪、狗和鸡。在儿童和家畜中检测到的其他病原体包括贾第鞭毛虫（13.1%）、小隐孢子虫（1.1%）和产志贺毒素大肠杆菌（STEC）（2.6%）。在 5 只狗中检测到肠道沙门氏菌，在 1 头猪中检测到小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌。尽管我们在儿童中发现了 7 种肠道病原体，但我们发现在家畜和人类之间活跃传播的证据只有空肠弯曲菌和 aEPEC。我们还发现证据表明，来自鸡的空肠弯曲菌菌株比来自其他家畜的空肠弯曲菌菌株更容易传播给人类。我们的研究结果证明了家畜和人类之间肠道病原体传播的复杂性，并强调需要进一步研究。重要性 我们发现有证据表明，在厄瓜多尔首都基多附近的地区，空肠弯曲杆菌、贾第鞭毛虫和 aEPEC 微生物是儿童和家畜中最常见的人畜共患肠道病原体。对分离株的遗传分析表明，空肠弯曲菌和 aEPEC 的某些基因型从家畜传播到了该地区的人类。我们还发现，与来自鸡的空肠弯曲菌相关的基因型比来自其他家畜的基因型更常见于儿童。然后讨论与这些病原体传播给人类相关的潜在环境因素。
ABSTRACT Animals are important reservoirs of zoonotic enteropathogens, and transmission to humans occurs more frequently in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where small-scale livestock production is common. In this study, we investigated the presence of zoonotic enteropathogens in stool samples from 64 asymptomatic children and 203 domestic animals of 62 households in a semirural community in Ecuador between June and August 2014. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to assess zoonotic transmission of Campylobacter jejuni and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC), which were the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in children and domestic animals (30.7% and 10.5%, respectively). Four sequence types (STs) of C. jejuni and four STs of aEPEC were identical between children and domestic animals. The apparent sources of human infection were chickens, dogs, guinea pigs, and rabbits for C. jejuni and pigs, dogs, and chickens for aEPEC. Other pathogens detected in children and domestic animals were Giardia lamblia (13.1%), Cryptosporidium parvum (1.1%), and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (2.6%). Salmonella enterica was detected in 5 dogs and Yersinia enterocolitica was identified in 1 pig. Even though we identified 7 enteric pathogens in children, we encountered evidence of active transmission between domestic animals and humans only for C. jejuni and aEPEC. We also found evidence that C. jejuni strains from chickens were more likely to be transmitted to humans than those coming from other domestic animals. Our findings demonstrate the complex nature of enteropathogen transmission between domestic animals and humans and stress the need for further studies. IMPORTANCE We found evidence that Campylobacter jejuni, Giardia, and aEPEC organisms were the most common zoonotic enteropathogens in children and domestic animals in a region close to Quito, the capital of Ecuador. Genetic analysis of the isolates suggests transmission of some genotypes of C. jejuni and aEPEC from domestic animals to humans in this region. We also found that the genotypes associated with C. jejuni from chickens were present more often in children than were those from other domestic animals. The potential environmental factors associated with transmission of these pathogens to humans then are discussed.