GROUP FISSION AMONG WILD TOQUE MACAQUES AS A CONSEQUENCE OF FEMALE RESOURCE COMPETITION AND ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS
GROUP FISSION AMONG WILD TOQUE MACAQUES AS A CONSEQUENCE OF FEMALE RESOURCE COMPETITION AND ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS
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DOI：
10.1016/s0003-3472(88)80104-0
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发表时间：
1988-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
DITTUS, WPJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DITTUS, WPJ
在斯里兰卡的Polonnaruwa，29群中华猕猴中有4群在16年内分裂。不同大小和组成的临时外围亚群在裂变前9-40个月。分裂在一个月内通过增加和稳定小组成员和永久分裂而结晶。所有新脱离的族群成员都曾是分裂前族群的频繁参与者，属于从属母系。亚群体以及群体分裂是由相互忠诚的女性核心发起的，并且大多沿着亲属关系发生。在分裂的一年中，女性优势关系的变化率显着更大的群体之间的分裂比那些比没有。据推测，低级别的女性脱离，形成新的群体时，成本，特别是组内竞争的食物资源，超过组成员的好处。对于那些最近失去地位的雄性来说，这种脱离群体的雌性很容易找到，也很熟悉。因此，最后的分裂是由从属的女性和男性根据各自的利益联合起来的结果。在这一人群中，一些群体迅速增长到庞大规模，以及环境压力（干旱和飓风造成的粮食资源减少和破碎）加剧了资源竞争的代价，从而引发了这一问题。男性的攻击性，如对女性健康产生负面影响的杀戮，也可能导致一个群体的分裂。
At Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka, four out of 29 groups of toque macaques, Macaca sinica, divided in a period of 16 years. Temporary peripheral subgroups of varying sizes and compositions preceded fission by 9-40 months. Fission crystallized within a month through an increase and stabilization of subgroup membership and permanent division. All members in the newly seceded groups had been frequent participants in pre-fission subgroups, and belonged to subordinate matrilineages. Subgroups, and hence group divisions, were initiated by cores of mutually loyal females and occurred mostly along kinship lines. In the year of fissions, the rate of change in female dominance relations was significantly greater among groups that divided than among those than did not. It is hypothesized that low-ranking females secede to form new groups when the costs, especially of intragroup competition for food resources, outweigh the benefits of group membership. Such seceding females were easily available and familiar mates for group males that had recently lost rank. Final division, therefore, resulted from a coalition of subordinate females and males acting according to their respective interests. It was triggered in this population by rapid growth of some groups to large size and by environmental stress (the reduction and fragmentation of food resources caused by drought and a cyclone), which accentuated the costs of resource competition. Male aggression, such as infanticide, which negatively affects female fitness, might also have contributed to one group fission.