Using shared needles for subcutaneous inoculation can transmit bluetongue virus mechanically between ruminant hosts.
Using shared needles for subcutaneous inoculation can transmit bluetongue virus mechanically between ruminant hosts.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep20627
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发表时间：
2016-02-08
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Mertens PP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Darpel KE;Barber J;Hope A;Wilson AJ;Gubbins S;Henstock M;Frost L;Batten C;Veronesi E;Moffat K;Carpenter S;Oura C;Mellor PS;Mertens PP
蓝舌病病毒（BTV）是反刍动物的一种重要虫媒病毒，由库蠓属昆虫传播。咬人的摇蚊反刍动物BTV感染导致高病毒血症，表明动物之间重复共用针头可能导致其医源性传播。虽然共用针头是兽医部门这些接种途径的常见做法，但很少有研究确定通过皮下或皮内接种等侵入性较小的途径医源性传播血源性病原体的风险。在这里，我们证明了BTV可以通过在皮下接种期间共用针头传播，尽管没有可见的针头血液污染。从共用针头到在受体羊或牛中检测到BTV的潜伏期，比以前通过直接接种病毒或通过受感染库蠓吸血感染反刍动物实验感染后报告的潜伏期长得多。尽管在田间条件下这种机械传播很可能很罕见，但这些结果可能会影响未来在兽医接种活动期间提供的与共用针头有关的建议，并且考虑到使用重复使用针头进行皮下接种期间的病原体传播风险，公共卫生部门也会感兴趣。
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an economically important arbovirus of ruminants that is transmitted by Culicoides spp. biting midges. BTV infection of ruminants results in a high viraemia, suggesting that repeated sharing of needles between animals could result in its iatrogenic transmission. Studies defining the risk of iatrogenic transmission of blood-borne pathogens by less invasive routes, such as subcutaneous or intradermal inoculations are rare, even though the sharing of needles is common practice for these inoculation routes in the veterinary sector. Here we demonstrate that BTV can be transmitted by needle sharing during subcutaneous inoculation, despite the absence of visible blood contamination of the needles. The incubation period, measured from sharing of needles, to detection of BTV in the recipient sheep or cattle, was substantially longer than has previously been reported after experimental infection of ruminants by either direct inoculation of virus, or through blood feeding by infected Culicoides. Although such mechanical transmission is most likely rare under field condition, these results are likely to influence future advice given in relation to sharing needles during veterinary vaccination campaigns and will also be of interest for the public health sector considering the risk of pathogen transmission during subcutaneous inoculations with re-used needles.