Sense of Sovereignty. How national sentiments have influenced Iceland‘s European policy
Sense of Sovereignty. How national sentiments have influenced Iceland‘s European policy
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主权意识如何影响冰岛的欧洲政策。
DOI：
10.13177/irpa.a.2009.5.2.1
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
0.1
通讯作者：
E. Bergmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Bergmann
本文提出的问题是，为什么冰岛直到2009年7月才选择通过欧洲经济区和申根协议参与欧洲项目，而不是以正式的欧盟成员身份加入。它分析了有关冰岛国家及其主权的观点是否以及如何影响冰岛政界人士对欧洲计划的立场。19世纪冰岛人争取独立的斗争产生了一种特殊的民族主义，这种民族主义突出了整个国家的主权。然而，在经济上，冰岛与其他欧洲国家一样，认为有必要参与欧洲合作，这可以解释冰岛加入欧洲经济区的原因。该协议将冰岛带入欧洲单一市场，但代价是：冰岛事实上已同意在协议范围内通过欧盟的立法，从而将决策权和国内政府权力移交给欧盟。这种两难境地，一方面是经济利益，另一方面是对冰岛国家主权的看法，在强调自由和主权国家与冰岛在合作中面临的现实之间造成了一种裂痕。独立斗争的继承性仍然指导着冰岛政客在有关欧洲的辩论中使用的话语。对主权的强烈强调已成为冰岛政治赖以生存的基础。在某种程度上，参与欧盟的超国家机构不在冰岛政治话语的框架内，冰岛的政治话语强调冰岛的主权，并强调一场永恒的独立斗争。
This paper asks why Iceland had until July 2009 chosen to participate in the European project through the EEA and Schengen agreements but not with full membership in the EU. It analyses if and how ideas on the Icelandic nation and its sovereignty affects the stance Icelandic politicians have taken towards the European project. Icelanders’ struggle for independence in the 19th century created a special kind of nationalism which gives prominence to the sovereignty of the nation as a whole. Economically, however, Iceland feels the same need as other European states to participate in European co-operation, which can explain its membership in the EEA. The agreement brings Iceland into the European single market, but at a cost: Iceland has de-facto agreed to adopt the EU’s legislation within the boundaries of the agreement, and thus a transfer of decision making and domestic governmental power to the EU. This dilemma, between economic interests on the one hand and ideas on the sovereignty of the Icelandic nation on the other, has created a kind of a rift between the emphasis on the free and sovereign nation and the reality Iceland is faced with in the co-operation. The inheritance of the independent struggle still directs the discourse Icelandic politicians use in the debate on Europe. A strong emphasis on sovereignty has become the foundation on which Icelandic politics rests. Participation in EU’s supra-national institutions falls, in a way, outside the framework of Icelandic political discourse, which highlights Iceland’s sovereignty and stresses an everlasting independence struggle.