Stereotype Transmission and Maintenance Through Interpersonal Communication: The Irony Bias
Stereotype Transmission and Maintenance Through Interpersonal Communication: The Irony Bias
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DOI：
10.1177/0093650214534975
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Beukeboom, Camiel J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burgers, Christian;Beukeboom, Camiel J.
在人际交往中，刻板印象主要通过语言传播。语言偏见理论假设说话者在传达刻板印象一致和刻板印象不一致的信息时系统地改变他们的语言。我们调查这些发现是否可以扩展到口头讽刺的使用。反讽偏见认为，反讽更适合传达与刻板印象不一致的信息，而不是与刻板印象一致的信息。三个实验支持这一假设，表明反讽在刻板印象不一致的情况下比在刻板印象一致的情况下更合适（实验 1-2）并且更常用（实验 3）。此外，语言偏见具有重要的交际后果，因为它们隐含地有助于维持刻板期望。实验4表明，反讽与其他语言偏见具有相同的特征，因为与字面语言相比，反讽会导致更多的外部归因。综上所述，这些结果表明，刻板期望是通过言语反讽巧妙地揭示和证实的，并且言语反讽在刻板印象的沟通和维持中发挥着重要作用。
In interpersonal communication, stereotypes are predominantly transmitted through language. Linguistic bias theory presupposes that speakers systematically vary their language when communicating stereotype-consistent and stereotype-inconsistent information. We investigate whether these findings can be extended to verbal irony use. The irony bias posits that irony is more appropriate to communicate stereotype-inconsistent than stereotype-consistent information. Three experiments support this hypothesis by showing that irony is found more appropriate (Experiments 1-2) and used more often (Experiment 3) in stereotype-inconsistent than in stereotype-consistent situations. Furthermore, linguistic biases have important communicative consequences, because they implicitly serve to maintain stereotypic expectancies. Experiment 4 shows that irony shares this characteristic with other linguistic biases, in that ironycompared to literal languageleads to more external attribution. Taken together, these results indicate that stereotypic expectancies are subtly revealed and confirmed by verbal irony, and that verbal irony plays an important role in stereotype communication and maintenance.