Abiotic and biotic context dependency of perennial crop yield
Abiotic and biotic context dependency of perennial crop yield
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0234546
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发表时间：
2020-06-26
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sikes, Benjamin A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McKenna, Thomas P.;Koziol, Liz;Sikes, Benjamin A.
农业系统中的多年生作物可以提高生态系统服务的可持续性和规模，但产量可能取决于生物背景，包括土壤互利共生、病原体和作物多样性。这些生物因素本身可能与干旱等非生物因素相互作用。我们测试了多年生作物产量是否取决于土壤微生物，水分供应和作物多样性，通过测试三种多年生作物物种的单一栽培和混合物：一种新的多年生谷物（中间小麦-中间偃麦草-产生多年生谷物Kernza（R）），一种潜在的多年生油料作物（Silphium intregrifolium）和苜蓿（Medicago sativa）。多年生作物的性能取决于水政权和活的土壤的存在下，最有可能的丛枝菌根（AM）真菌在整个土壤接种物从一个长期的多年生单作，并从一个不受干扰的原生残余草原。具体而言，Silphium和苜蓿强烈受益于AM真菌。与多年生单一栽培土壤中的AM真菌相比，天然草原AM真菌的存在对干盆中的Silphiumin和湿盆中的苜蓿有更大的益处。Kernza没有受益于AM真菌。包括Kernza的作物混合物丰产，但丰产取决于接种。具体而言，与Kernza overgiven最强烈的混合物在无菌土壤中作为Kernza补偿生长不良ofSilphium和苜蓿。这项研究确定了土壤生物群的重要性和本地微生物的利益和多年生作物的混合物的丰产性的背景依赖。
Perennial crops in agricultural systems can increase sustainability and the magnitude of ecosystem services, but yield may depend upon biotic context, including soil mutualists, pathogens and cropping diversity. These biotic factors themselves may interact with abiotic factors such as drought. We tested whether perennial crop yield depended on soil microbes, water availability and crop diversity by testing monocultures and mixtures of three perennial crop species: a novel perennial grain (intermediate wheatgrass-Thinopyrum intermedium-- that produces the perennial grain Kernza (R)), a potential perennial oilseed crop (Silphium intregrifolium), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Perennial crop performance depended upon both water regime and the presence of living soil, most likely the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the whole soil inoculum from a long term perennial monoculture and from an undisturbed native remnant prairie. Specifically, bothSilphiumand alfalfa strongly benefited from AM fungi. The presence of native prairie AM fungi had a greater benefit toSilphiumin dry pots and alfalfa in wet pots than AM fungi present in the perennial monoculture soil. Kernza did not benefit from AM fungi. Crop mixtures that included Kernza overyielded, but overyielding depended upon inoculation. Specifically, mixtures with Kernza overyielded most strongly in sterile soil as Kernza compensated for poor growth ofSilphiumand alfalfa. This study identifies the importance of soil biota and the context dependence of benefits of native microbes and the overyielding of mixtures in perennial crops.