An interdisciplinary framework for evaluating 19th century landscape paintings for ecological research
An interdisciplinary framework for evaluating 19th century landscape paintings for ecological research
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用于评估 19 世纪风景画生态研究的跨学科框架
DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.4649
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Harvey, Eleanor J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Warren, Dana R.;Loeb, Harper M.;Betjemann, Peter;Munck, Isabel A.;Keeton, William S.;Shaw, David C.;Harvey, Eleanor J.
当我们在不断变化的气候条件和土地利用需求下思考森林景观的未来时，研究历史森林条件以及这些景观如何在过去的干扰下发生变化具有越来越大的价值。历史风景画是工业化前森林数据的潜在来源，它对林下环境进行了非常详细、全彩的描绘。它们展示了在彩色摄影出现之前很久的森林群落组成、微栖息地特征和结构复杂性的关键细节。尽管这些画作具有潜力，但它们的科学应用一直受到有效性问题的阻碍。这些画中描绘的形象有多真实？艺术家对场景的处理在多大程度上是为了最好地说明寓言或浪漫化的自然观？根据历史生态学建立的评估模型来评估资源有效性，我们展示了艺术史的学术研究如何与森林景观的生态理解相结合，以遵循这一模型，并解决19世纪美国艺术中图像真实性的问题。此外，为了说明这些历史图像在生态学研究中的潜在用途，我们提出了一个案例研究，评估了10幅不同画作的微栖息地特征。虽然本文广泛地探讨了19世纪的风景艺术，但我们特别关注亚瑟·杜兰德（Asher Durand）的艺术史评论，他是一位多产且有影响力的艺术家，与19世纪中期所谓的“哈德逊河学派”有关。杜兰德清晰地记录了他对自然的准确描绘，通过对杜兰德的图像和文字的回顾，我们发现他的许多绘画和素描在历史森林生态学研究中的潜在用途。然而，我们也从这些图像中发现了关于潜在生态解释的重要警告。更广泛地说，因为19世纪的风景画并不总是直接转录，而且因为19世纪的区域艺术文化不同，我们不能在本文中谈论所有19世纪风景艺术中风景图像的真实性。然而，在遵循历史生态学的既定方法和整合艺术史研究工具的情况下，我们表明人们可以识别准确的历史山水画以用于科学研究。
As we contemplate the future of forest landscapes under changing climate conditions and land‐use demands, there is increasing value in studying historic forest conditions and how these landscapes have changed following past disturbances. Historic landscape paintings are a potential source of data on preindustrial forests with highly detailed, full‐color depictions of overstory and understory environments. They display key details about forest community composition, microhabitat features, and structural complexity from a time well before the advent of color photography. Despite these paintings' potential, their scientific applications have been impeded by questions of validity.How truly accurate are the images portrayed in these paintings? How much of an image is an artist's manipulation of a scene to best illustrate an allegory or romanticized view of nature?Following an established assessment model from historical ecology for evaluating resource validity, we demonstrate how scholarship on art history can be integrated with ecological understanding of forest landscapes to follow this model and address these questions of image veracity in 19th century American art. Further, to illustrate the potential use of these historic images in ecological studies, we present in a case study assessing microhabitat features of 10 different paintings. While this paper explores 19th century landscape art broadly, we focus our art historical review in particular on Asher Durand, a prolific and influential artist associated with the so‐called “Hudson River School” in the mid‐1800s. Durand left clear records about his perspectives on accurately depicting nature, and from a review of images and writings of Durand, we find support for the potential use of many of his paintings and sketches in historic forest ecology research. However, we also identify important caveats regarding potential ecological interpretations from these images. More broadly, because 19th century landscape paintings are not always directly transcriptive, and because regional art cultures differed in the 1800s, we cannot within this paper speak about landscape image veracity across all 19th century landscape art. However, in following established methods in historical ecology and integrating tools from art history research, we show that one can identify accurate historic landscape paintings for application in scientific studies.
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景观历史：通过西澳大利亚天鹅河地区的景观艺术绘制环境和生态变化图
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
A. Gaynor;I. Mclean
通讯作者：
I. Mclean
生态学历史数据评价
DOI：
10.2307/20111668
发表时间：
1983
期刊：
The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
Emily W. B.Russell
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Clarke A. Knight;C. Cogbill;M. Potts;J. Wanket;J. Battles
通讯作者：
J. Battles
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
A. B. Durand
通讯作者：
A. B. Durand
树木微生境结构作为美国太平洋西北地区不同林龄和管理历史花旗松森林生物多样性的指标
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Alexa K. Michel;S. Winter
通讯作者：
S. Winter