Intra-cloud Microphysical Variability Obtained from Large-eddy Simulations using the Super-droplet Method

Intra-cloud Microphysical Variability Obtained from Large-eddy Simulations using the Super-droplet Method
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使用超级液滴法从大涡模拟中获得云内微物理变化

DOI:
10.1002/essoar.10508672.1
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Earth and Space Science Open Archive
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
W. Grabowski
W. Grabowski
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
T. Matsushima;S. Nishizawa;S. Shima;W. Grabowski

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在这项研究中,超级液滴方法(SDM)被用于大涡模拟的孤立的积云congestus在1995年小积云微物理研究领域的项目,以调查云内的变化与夹带和混合。SDM是一种基于拉格朗日粒子的云微物理方法,它提供了与模拟云尺度动力学耦合的液滴尺寸分布(DSD)。结果表明,当DSD矩的阶数较小时,对空间分辨率和初始粒子数的敏感性较大,对初始条件的敏感性较小。通过使用模拟与可靠的统计数据,微物理可变性进行了调查,在100米的尺度,可以被认为是很好地解决了在数值模拟和现场飞机观测。大的空间变异性多云卷被证明是强烈的夹带的影响。绝热分数(AF)、云滴数浓度、平均体积半径与有效半径的立方比(k)的平均值与中高层云的观测结果吻合较好。此外,AF和k值被发现是正相关的,和减少的平均体积半径缩放其绝热值与减少的平均液滴浓度缩放其绝热值被发现是小于均匀混合的理论预测。后者支持由于夹带引起的不均匀混合的概念。
In this study, the super droplet-method (SDM) is used in large-eddy simulations of an isolated cumulus congestus observed during the 1995 Small Cumulus Microphysics Study field project in order to investigate the intra-cloud variability associated with entrainment and mixing. The SDM is a Lagrangian particle-based method for cloud microphysics that provides droplet size distributions (DSD) coupled to the simulated cloud-scale dynamics. The authors show that sensitivity to the spatial resolution and the initial number of particles is larger, and sensitivity to the initial conditions is smaller, when the order of the DSD moment is smaller. Through the use of simulations with reliable statistics, microphysical variability is investigated at scales of ∼ 100 m that can be considered well resolved in both the numerical simulations and in-situ aircraft observations. Large spatial variability in cloudy volumes is shown to be strongly affected by entrainment. Mean values of the adiabatic fraction (AF), cloud droplet number concentration, and the cubed ratio of the mean volume radius and the effective radius (k) agree well with observations in the middle and upper cloud layers. Moreover, the AF and k values are found to be positively correlated, and the reduction of the mean volume radius scaled by its adiabatic value with the decrease of the mean droplet concentration scaled by its adiabatic value is found to be smaller than the theoretical prediction of homogeneous mixing. The latter supports the notion of inhomogeneous mixing due to entrainment.
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