Japanese map of the earwax gene frequency: a nationwide collaborative study by Super Science High School Consortium
Japanese map of the earwax gene frequency: a nationwide collaborative study by Super Science High School Consortium
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DOI：
10.1038/jhg.2009.62
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Kinoshita, Akira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sakai, Satoshi;Imai, Kazumi;Kinoshita, Akira
耳垢的湿/干类型由ABCC11基因中的c.538G> A单核苷酸多态性（SNP）决定; GA和GG基因型产生湿型，AA产生干型。日本人口可能具有双重结构，包括古代“绳纹”和“弥生”人口之间的混合后代。我们假设干型是由弥生人引入到绳纹人口，其中湿型是占主导地位的，由于两个人口的混合还没有完成，等位基因A频率（f（A）），甚至沿着一个假定的弥生人在日本岛屿内的人口路线将是更高的。为了了解频率，一个全国性的超级科学高中（SSH）联盟从每个县的至少一所高中/大学收集了1963名学生的指甲样本。所有进一步的程序，DNA提取，SNP基因分型和基因频率估计，由训练有素的SSH学生进行。虽然等位基因A频率在47个县之间存在差异，但岐阜/京都和冲绳县分别显示出最高和最低值。频率较高的地区包括九州东北部、北方四国和近畿地区，显示出带状区域，而除冲绳外，频率较低的地区是九州西南部、广岛县和东北地区。近畿地区的fA值明显高于其以西和东北各道府县的fA值，这一结果可能为弥生人在日本的可能迁徙路线提供了另一条证据。Journal of Human Genetics（2009）54，499 - 503; doi：10.1038/jhg.2009.62; 2009年7月31日在线发表
Wet/dry types of earwax are determined by the c.538G>A single-nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP) in the ABCC11 gene; GA and GG genotypes give the wet type and AA the dry type. The Japanese population may have a dual structure comprising descendants of mixtures between the ancient 'Jomon' and 'Yayoi' populations. We hypothesized that the dry type was introduced by the Yayoi people to the Jomon population where the wet type was predominant, and as the mixture of the two populations has not yet been complete, the allele-A frequency (f(A)) would even now be higher along a putative Yayoi man's peopling route within Japanese islands. To know the frequency, a nationwide Super Science High School (SSH) Consortium collected 1963 fingernail samples of pupils/students from at least one high school/university in every prefecture. All further procedures, DNA extraction, SNP genotyping and gene frequency estimation, were carried out by trained SSH pupils. Although the allele-A frequency varied among the 47 prefectures, the Gifu/Kyoto and Okinawa prefectures showed the highest and lowest values, respectively. Areas with high frequencies included Northeastern Kyushu, Northern Shikoku and Kinki districts, showing a belt-like zone, whereas those with low frequencies other than Okinawa were the Southwestern Kyushu, Hiroshima prefecture and Tohoku districts. The fA value in Kinki district was statistically higher than those in prefectures westward and east-northward from it. The result may provide another line of evidence supporting a possible route of the Yayoi-man's peopling in Japan. Journal of Human Genetics (2009) 54, 499-503; doi:10.1038/jhg.2009.62; published online 31 July 2009