Distant Interactions, Power, and Environmental Justice in Protected Area Governance: A Telecoupling Perspective
Distant Interactions, Power, and Environmental Justice in Protected Area Governance: A Telecoupling Perspective
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DOI：
10.3390/su10113954
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Rist, Stephan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Boillat, Sebastien;Gerber, Jean-David;Rist, Stephan
在保护自然的努力中，公平已成为一个主要关切。然而，在全球南部，保护的不公平社会影响通常占主导地位。我们通过一种创新的方法，将环境正义的三维框架与远程耦合的概念联系起来，调查了四个保护区公平治理的障碍。我们将保护区的创建、支持和实施概念化为涉及流程、参与者和行动情况的远程耦合过程，并根据一组程序正义、分配正义和认可的指标对其进行评估。我们对影响这些地区的并行或竞争性远距离耦合过程进行分析，然后调查抵抗行动的范围和范围，以获得更公平的结果。已确定的障碍包括保护区对跨国资金流的依赖、相互竞争的采掘需求的存在、对当地做法的负面叙述、荒野和马尔萨斯框架、专制统治、狭隘的发展选择以及社会文化歧视。这些综合障碍造成了多种形式的排斥。当行为体能够远距离调动联盟和资源时，抵抗行动就有可能取得成功。我们的结论是，正义框架可以使远距离耦合的权力关系更加明显，并考虑遥远的相互作用可以阐明的原因（在）保护的公平。
Equity has become a major concern in efforts to conserve nature. However, in the Global South, inequitable social impacts of conservation usually prevail. We investigate barriers to equitable governance of four protected areas through an innovative approach linking the tri-dimensional framing of environmental justice with the notion of telecoupling. We conceptualize the creation, support, and implementation of protected areas as telecoupling processes that involve flows, actors, and action situations, and assess them based on a set of indicators of procedural justice, distributive justice, and recognition. We perform the analysis for parallel or competing telecoupling processes that affect the areas and we then investigate the scope and reach of resistance actions to attain more equitable outcomes. Identified barriers include dependence of the PAs on transnational financial flows, presence of competing extractive demands, negative narratives on local practices, wilderness and Malthusian framings, authoritarian rule, narrow development options, and socio-cultural discrimination. These combined barriers create multiple forms of exclusion. Resistance actions are likely to succeed when actors can mobilize alliances and resources across distance. We conclude that justice framings can make power relationships in telecouplings more visible, and that considering distant interactions can elucidate causes of (in)equity in conservation.