From whole organism to ultrastructure: progress in axonal imaging for decoding circuit development.
From whole organism to ultrastructure: progress in axonal imaging for decoding circuit development.
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DOI：
10.1242/dev.199717
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发表时间：
2021-09
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Cory J. Weaver;Fabienne E. Poulain
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cory J. Weaver;Fabienne E. Poulain
自Ramón y Cajal的开创性工作以来，科学家们一直在寻求解开神经回路形成背后轴突发育的复杂性。微米尺度的轴突生长锥导航到通常几厘米远的目标。为了达到它们的目标，生长锥对以秒到天的顺序变化的动态环境线索做出反应。正确的轴突生长和指导是必不可少的电路形成，成像的进展一直是不可或缺的研究这些过程。特别是，高分辨率和超分辨率显微镜的进步提供了研究发育中的轴突所需的空间和时间分辨率。在这篇综述中，我们描述了如何改进显微镜彻底改变了我们的理解轴突的发展。我们讨论了新技术，特别是光片和超分辨率显微镜，如何通过极其精确地成像轴突生长和电路布线在细胞尺度上导致新的发现。接下来，我们将研究先进的显微镜如何拓宽我们对亚细胞动力学驱动轴突生长和指导的理解。最后，我们评估了目前的挑战，轴突生物学领域仍然面临成像轴突，并研究未来的技术可以满足这些需求。
Since the pioneering work of Ramón y Cajal, scientists have sought to unravel the complexities of axon development underlying neural circuit formation. Micrometer-scale axonal growth cones navigate to targets that are often centimeters away. To reach their targets, growth cones react to dynamic environmental cues that change in the order of seconds to days. Proper axon growth and guidance are essential to circuit formation, and progress in imaging has been integral to studying these processes. In particular, advances in high- and super-resolution microscopy provide the spatial and temporal resolution required for studying developing axons. In this Review, we describe how improved microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of axonal development. We discuss how novel technologies, specifically light-sheet and super-resolution microscopy, led to new discoveries at the cellular scale by imaging axon outgrowth and circuit wiring with extreme precision. We next examine how advanced microscopy broadened our understanding of the subcellular dynamics driving axon growth and guidance. We finally assess the current challenges that the field of axonal biology still faces for imaging axons, and examine how future technology could meet these needs.