Strategies for recovery from a trip in early and late swing during human walking
Strategies for recovery from a trip in early and late swing during human walking
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00227520
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
J. Eng;D. Winter;A. Patla
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Eng;D. Winter;A. Patla
运动策略和肌肉反应的潜在组织，从绊倒干扰中恢复应用于早期和晚期摆动在步行期间的人类进行了研究。反射反应潜伏期（60-140 ms）表明多突触通路参与其中。最常见的运动结果是摆动肢体在应对早期摆动扰动时的升高策略和在应对晚期摆动扰动时的降低策略。提升策略包括摆动肢的屈肌部分和站立肢的伸肌部分。摆动肢股二头肌的时间序列先于摆动肢股直肌的反应，即在加速肢体越过障碍物之前将肢体从障碍物中移除。站立肢体的伸肌反应产生了一个早期的跟脱，以增加身体的高度。因此，下肢关节合作增加了重心的高度，并提供了额外的时间来延长摆动肢体，为着陆做准备。摇摆肢的屈曲是危险的，因为摇摆肢正在接近地面，身体质量已经超过了站立脚。相反，通过摆动肢股外侧肌的抑制反应和/或摆动肢股二头肌的兴奋反应来实现降低策略。这两种反应都导致四肢以平足或前足着地的方式迅速降向地面，并缩短了步长。因此，在对后期摆动扰动的响应中，通过不同的肌肉激活模式实现了相同的恢复策略。这些结果表明，恢复策略为克服障碍和保持持续运动提供了功能适当的反应。
The movement strategies and the underlying organization of the muscular responses for recovery from a tripping perturbation applied in early and late swing during walking were studied in humans. The latencies of the reflex response (60–140 ms) suggested that polysynaptic pathways are involved. The most common movement outcome was an elevating strategy of the swing limb in response to the early swing perturbation and a lowering strategy in response to the late swing perturbation. The elevating strategy comprised a flexor component of the swing limb and an extensor component of the stance limb. There was a temporal sequencing of the swing limb biceps femoris prior to the swing limb rectus femoris response to remove the limb from the obstacle prior to accelerating the limb over the obstacle. The extensor response of the stance limb generated an early heel-off to increase the height of the body. Thus, the lower limb joints collaborated to increase the height of the centre of mass and provide extra time to extend the swing limb in preparation for the landing. Flexion of the swing limb would be dangerous in response to the late swing perturbation as the swing limb is approaching the ground and the body mass has passed forward of the stance foot. Instead, a lowering strategy was accomplished by inhibitory responses of the swing limb vastus lateralis and/or excitatory responses of the swing limb biceps femoris. Both these responses resulted in a rapid lowering of the limb to the ground with a flat foot or forefoot landing and a shortening of the step length. Thus, in response to the late swing perturbation, the same recovery strategy was achieved by different patterns of muscle activation. These results demonstrate that the recovery strategies provided a functionally appropriate response for overcoming the obstacle and maintaining the ongoing locomotion.