Estimating ammonia emissions from a winter wheat cropland in North China Plain with field experiments and inverse dispersion modeling.
Estimating ammonia emissions from a winter wheat cropland in North China Plain with field experiments and inverse dispersion modeling.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.003
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发表时间：
2015-03
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Qing Huo;Xuhui Cai;Ling Kang;Hongsheng Zhang;Yu Song;Tong Zhu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Qing Huo;Xuhui Cai;Ling Kang;Hongsheng Zhang;Yu Song;Tong Zhu
2012年春季，在某冬小麦农田进行了田间规模试验，目的是量化实际耕作条件下地表施肥产生的氨（NH3）排放。由于上百块地块的施肥持续时间约为20 d，且施用了尿素、硫酸铵和氮磷钾复合肥料3种类型的肥料，因此试验期间农田nh3排放的异质性是显著特征之一，这对传统微气象方法计算nh3通量提出了很大挑战。在连续测量2.5 m和8 m两个高度nh3浓度的基础上，通过逐块施肥的详细记录，采用逆弥散法推导了不同施肥条件下nh3的非均质排放及其排放因子（EFs）。尿素、硫酸铵和复混肥的EFs分别为12.0%±3.1%、8.5%±1.6%和4.5%±1.7%。我们得到的尿素的EF低于国内大多数其他测量值和中国nh3排放清单中使用的测量值。国内没有硫酸铵和复混肥的电场效应测定方法。然而，我们得到的硫酸铵和复混肥的EFs与中国nh3排放清单中使用的EFs相当。
A field-scale experiment was conducted in the spring of 2012 at a winter wheat cropland, aiming to quantify ammonia (NH3) emissions from surface fertilization under realistic cultivation conditions. Since the fertilization lasted about 20 days for hundreds of divided plots and three types of fertilizers were used (i.e., urea, ammonium sulfate and compound nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium fertilizer), the heterogeneity was one of the significant characteristics of the cropland NH3emissions during the experiment, which is a great challenge for the classical micrometeorological methods to calculate NH3fluxes. Based on continuous measurements of NH3concentrations at two heights (2.5 m and 8 m) and detailed records of the fertilization plot by plot, an inverse dispersion method was employed to derive the heterogeneous NH3emissions and the corresponding emission factors (EFs). The EFs derived from this experiment for urea, ammonium sulfate and compound fertilizer were 12.0% ± 3.1%, 8.5% ± 1.6% and 4.5% ± 1.7%, respectively. The EF of urea we obtained was lower than most of other domestic measurements and those used in the NH3emission inventories in China. Measurements on EFs of ammonium sulfate and compound fertilizer are not available in China. However, the EFs of ammonium sulfate and compound fertilizer we obtained were comparable to those used in NH3emission inventories of China.