Incentives, technology and the shift to year-round dairying in late nineteenth-century Denmark
Incentives, technology and the shift to year-round dairying in late nineteenth-century Denmark
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1468-0289.2005.00312.x
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发表时间：
2005-08-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
O'Rourke, KH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Henriksen, I;O'Rourke, KH
本文使用月度贸易数据来记录19世纪80年代以来丹麦黄油出口的季节性下降。这种下降与其他地区稳定或增加的季节性形成对比。英国、丹麦和爱尔兰的黄油月价格显示，19世纪80年代和90年代，转向冬季乳品业的动机特别强烈;然而，这本身并不能解释丹麦的转变，因为我们的价格数据显示，其他地方的农民面临的冬季溢价与丹麦的溢价一样高。丹麦的关键因素是，私营和公共部门系统地分析经验证据，从而产生了经验知识;这种知识通过讲座、展览、书面材料以及新的合作社部门等机构在受过高等教育的社会中迅速传播;追求利润最大化的农民愿意吸收这种知识。
This article uses monthly trade data to document the decline in the seasonality in Danish butter exports that occurred from the 1880s onwards. This decline contrasted with steady or increasing seasonality elsewhere. Monthly butter prices in Britain, Denmark, and Ireland show that the incentives to shift into winter dairying were particularly high in the 1880s and 1890s; however, this cannot on its own explain the Danish shift, since our price data show that farmers elsewhere faced winter premia that were every bit as high as the Danish premia. The crucial factor in Denmark was the generation of empirical knowledge by the private and public sectors systematically analysing empirical evidence; the rapid diffusion of this knowledge in a highly educated society via lectures, exhibitions, written materials, and by institutions such as the new cooperative sector; and a willingness to absorb this knowledge by profit-maximizing farmers.