Toward a Transactional Perspective
Toward a Transactional Perspective
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从交易的角度来看
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4684-7944-7_10
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
I. Altman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Altman
两个比喻描绘了我在社会心理学、环境和行为研究领域30年的职业生涯。第一个是围绕中心核心不断扩大的螺旋。第二个比喻是一条主路，它有许多未知距离和方向的小路，这些小路最终总是通向主路。这些比喻反映了我多年来的工作所解决的一系列共同问题的主题，尽管我有时会转向明显无关紧要的领域。我常常是在后来才发现，为什么我凭直觉走上了新的方向，以及我是如何在不知不觉中从不同的角度处理同一个问题的。有时候，我会担心螺旋式的或迂回的道路会把我带得太远，但我逐渐学会了相信自己的直觉去追求一个特定的主题，直到后来才明白为什么我会这样做。事实上，我最终了解到，我不可能在智力上迷失，因为我的学术工作中反复出现的问题也是我个人生活和自我理解斗争的一部分。这种挣扎可以追溯到我的童年和一个不可预测和反复无常的家庭环境。我的父亲是一个聪明、没受过教育、精力充沛的人，他遭受了许多个人挫折，时而乐观，时而悲观，时而兴高采烈，时而沮丧，时而充满爱心，时而拒绝他人。我的母亲是一个贫穷移民家庭的大女儿，从12岁起就在纽约的血汗工厂工作，以帮助支持她的许多兄弟姐妹篇，他们基本上被她的父亲抛弃了。她是一个越来越痛苦的女人，她不理解我父亲的反复无常，她通过创造一种机械的方式来应对-
Two metaphors portray the course of my three-decade career in social psychology and environment and behavior studies. The first is an ever widening spiral around a central core. The second metaphor is a main path with numerous side paths of unknown distances and directions, with the side paths always eventually leading back to the main path. These metaphors reflect the theme that my work over the years has addressed a common set of issues, even though I sometimes veered off into apparently tangential areas. It was often only later that I discovered why I had intuitively struck off in new directions and how I had unknowingly approached the same issue from a different perspective. On occasion I feared that the spiral or sidepath might take me too far afield, but I gradually learned to trust my intuition to pursue a particular topic and only later understand why I had been driven to do so. Indeed, I eventually learned that there was no possibility of my becoming lost intellectually because the recurrent issues of my scholarly work are also part and parcel of my personal life and struggle for self-understanding. That struggle traces back to my childhood and to an unpredictable and capricious family environment. My father, a bright, uneducated, and energetic man suffered from many personal frustrations and was alternately optimistic and pessimistic, elated and depressed, loving and rejecting. My mother, an older daughter of a poor immigrant family, worked in the sweat shops of New York from the time she was 12 in order to help support her many brothers and sisters who had been essentially abandoned by her father. An increasingly embittered woman, she did not comprehend my father's volatility and coped by creating a mechanically ade-