Small parties: From party pledges to government policy
Small parties: From party pledges to government policy
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小政党：从政党承诺到政府政策
DOI：
10.1080/01402380601019720
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Nicole Bolleyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nicole Bolleyer
在评估一个政党的目标协调能力时，学者不仅需要考虑情境约束，还需要考虑政党的属性，因为这些因素直接影响其战略选择。对于在几乎所有多党制中都至关重要的小政党来说，选票、职位和政策的协调要比数量上强大的参与者困难得多。由于缺乏评估小型联盟伙伴权重的概念工具——权重被定义为捍卫和实现核心政策承诺的能力——以及总体上系统化联盟内部进程，本文提出了一种类型学来解释小政党的权重。这种类型由“合格枢纽性”和“中心性”两个标准定义，每个标准都被认为创造了一套特定的战略优势。以后者为基础，这种方法可以比较小政党的影响，首先参照它们在各自议会政党制度中的地位，其次参照可能形成的联盟类型。基于对“组阁权重”和“组阁权重”的独立但并行的评估，该类型学揭示了在何种条件下，小党相同的属性在组阁过程中可能是有利的，但在随后的联合政府时期可能是不利的。
When estimating a party's capacity for goal co-ordination, scholars need not only consider contextual constraints but also the party's properties, since these directly affect its strategic choices. For small parties which are crucial in virtually all multi-party systems the co-ordination of votes, office and policy is much more difficult than for numerically strong actors. Since the conceptual tools to assess the weight of small coalition partners – weight defined as the capacity to defend and realise core policy commitments – and to systematise intra-coalitional processes in general are absent, this article proposes a typology to account for small parties' weight. This typology is defined by the two criteria of ‘qualified pivotality’ and ‘centrality’, each of which is assumed to create a particular set of strategic advantages. Based on the latter, the approach allows small parties' impact to be compared, first, with reference to their positions within the respective parliamentary party system, and, second, with reference to the type of coalition that is likely to be formed. Based on the separate but parallel assessment of ‘formation weight’ and ‘coalition weight’, the typology reveals under which conditions the same properties of a small party may be advantageous during the coalition formation process, but disadvantageous during the subsequent period of coalition government.