Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Improved Water Quality Index (WQI) and Human Health Risk (HHR) Evaluation in a Semi-arid Region of Northwest China
Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Improved Water Quality Index (WQI) and Human Health Risk (HHR) Evaluation in a Semi-arid Region of Northwest China
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DOI：
10.1007/s12403-020-00345-w
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发表时间：
2020-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Qiying Zhang;Panpan Xu;H. Qian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Qiying Zhang;Panpan Xu;H. Qian
为确保饮用水安全，从中国半干旱地区采集了51个地下水样品，并对各种理化参数进行了分析。使用水质指数（WQI）评估用于饮用的地下水质量以及相关的健康风险，该指数使用通过标准间相关性加权方法改进的标准重要性。结果表明，地下水呈弱碱性，溶解性固体总量为497.26~2198.82 mg/L。阳离子的离子优势模式依次为 K++ Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> NH4+，阴离子的离子优势模式为 HCO3−> SO42+> Cl−> NO2−> NO3−> CO32−> F−。研究区水类型以HCO3-Na和HCO3-Ca·Mg为主，其次是SO4·Cl-Na型，主要受岩石风化、淋滤和蒸发控制。总样品中94.12%适合饮用；贫水和极贫水主要分布在研究区的中部和东北部。男性的非致癌健康风险范围为0.0002至38.7575，女性为0.0002至49.2935，儿童为0.0003至84.3167。儿童的健康风险分别是男性和女性的2.18倍和1.71倍，表明儿童更容易受到水污染。研究区主要污染物为亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、氟化物。因此，需要采取必要的措施来清理该研究区域受亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和氟污染严重的地下水和健康风险。
To ensure the safety of drinking water, 51 groundwater samples were collected from a semi-arid area of China and various physicochemical parameters were analyzed. Groundwater quality for drinking purposes along with the associated health risks was assessed using a water quality index (WQI) which was improved using the Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation weighting method. The results show that the groundwater was slightly alkaline and the total dissolved solids ranged from 497.26 to 2198.82 mg/L. The ionic dominance pattern was in the order of K++ Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> NH4+for cations, and HCO3−> SO42+> Cl−> NO2−> NO3−> CO32−> F−for anions, respectively. In the study region, HCO3–Na and HCO3–Ca·Mg were the dominant water types, followed by the SO4·Cl–Na type, which are mainly controlled by rock weathering, leaching, and evaporation. 94.12% of the total samples are suitable for drinking; the poor and extremely poor water for human consumption are mainly located in the center and northeast of the study area. The non-carcinogenic health risk for males ranged from 0.0002 to 38.7575, for females 0.0002 to 49.2935, and for children 0.0003 to 84.3167, respectively. The health risk for children was approximately 2.18 times and 1.71 times higher than that for males and females, indicating that children are more susceptible to water contamination. The major pollutants in the study region are nitrite, nitrate, and fluoride. Therefore, the necessary steps to be taken to clean up this highly nitrite-, nitrate-, and fluorine-contaminated groundwater and health risks in this study region.