Toxicity assessment of thiodiglycol
Toxicity assessment of thiodiglycol
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DOI：
10.1080/10915810500368878
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发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Leach, GJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reddy, G;Major, MA;Leach, GJ
硫磺芥末(HD)在生物和环境系统中会发生水解，生成硫代二甘醇(TG)等多种产物。TG是生产HD的前体，也被视为“附表2”化合物(具有低至中等商业用途和高风险前体的两用化学品)。对甘油三酯进行了几项毒理学研究，以评估其对环境和健康的影响。大鼠经口LD50值为5000 mg/kg。它是一种温和的皮肤和适度的眼睛刺激物，在动物身上不是皮肤敏感剂。对Ames沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、小鼠淋巴瘤和小鼠体内微核试验均无致突变作用，但对中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞染色体有致突变作用。一项为期90天的亚慢性毒性研究表明，无论性别或性别，大鼠的食物消耗、血液学和临床化学均无明显变化。体重为5000 mg/kg/d时，两性体重均显著低于对照组。在高剂量组中，肾脏的绝对重量、肾与体重的比率以及肾与脑的重量比在两性中也都有显著的变化。口服毒性的未观察到不良反应水平(NOAEL)为500 mg/kg/d。4、430、1290和3870 mg/kg的发育毒性试验表明，3870 mg/kg的母体毒性为母体毒性。TG不是一种发育毒物。大鼠发育毒性的NOAEL为1290 mg/kg。计算暂定口服参考剂量(RfD)为0.4 mg/kg/d，用于健康风险评估。TG在环境和土壤中的去向表现为生物生成硫代二甘油酸和中间体((2-羟乙基)硫代)乙酸。它在厌氧条件下被缓慢生物降解。本文综述了1000 mg/L剂量对太阳鱼的代谢和环境生化效应。
Sulfur mustard (HD) undergoes hydrolysis to form various products such as thiodiglycol (TG) in biological and environmental systems. TG is a precursor in the production of HD and it is also considered as a "Schedule 2" compound (dual-use chemicals with low to moderate commercial use and high-risk precursors). Several toxicological studies on TG were conducted to assess environmental and health effects. The oral LD50 values were >5000 mg/kg in rats. It was a mild skin and moderate ocular irritant and was not a skin sensitizer in animals. It was not mutagenic in Ames Salmonella, Escherichia coli, mouse lymphoma, and in vivo mouse micronucleus assays, but it induced chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells. A 90-day oral subchronic toxicity study with neat TG at doses of 0, 50, 500, and 5000 mg/kg/day (5 days/week) in Sprague-Dawley rats results show that there are no treatment-related changes in food consumption, hematology, and clinical chemistry in rats of either sex. The body weights of both sexes were significantly lower than controls at 5000 mg/kg/day. Significant changes were also noted in both sexes in absolute weights of kidneys, kidney to body weight ratios, and kidney to brain weight ratios, in the high-dose group. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for oral toxicity was 500 mg/kg/day. The developmental toxicity conducted at 0, 430, 1290, and 3870 mg/kg by oral gavage showed maternal toxicity in dams receiving 3870 mg/kg. TG was not a developmental toxicant. The NOAEL for the developmental toxicity in rats was 1290 mg/kg. The provisional oral reference dose (RfD) of 0.4 mg/kg/day was calculated for health risk assessments. The fate of TG in the environment and soil showed biological formation of thiodiglycalic acid with formation of an intermediate ((2-hydroxyethyl)thio)acetic acid. It was slowly biodegraded under anaerobic conditions. It was not toxic to bluegill sunfish at 1000 mg/L and its metabolism and environmental and biochemical effects are summarized.