The absolute necessity of chest-wall collapse during diving in breath-hold diving mammals
The absolute necessity of chest-wall collapse during diving in breath-hold diving mammals
复制标题
哺乳动物屏气潜水时胸壁塌陷的绝对必要性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Butler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. E. Brown;J. Butler
有人认为，潜水动物的胸壁（肋骨、膈肌、腹壁）几乎是不可塌陷的，并且在深处可以承受相当大的跨胸压力PTT（=P身体表面Pintra-thorax）。与此形成鲜明对比的是，我们以循环、血液汇集、生物材料强度和通气为由争论说这与生命不相容。当 PTT 超过三分之一个大气压时，或者如果胸腔内部保持在 Psea 水平，则在仅 3.5 m 的深度经历的 PTT 时，心脏无法灌注胸腔外部的组织。当 PTT 远大于海平面时，血液会积聚在胸血管中，从而导致血管破裂，从而造成潜在的致命后果。根据对支撑组织厚度和几何形状的估计，PTT >1 atm 将超过已知生物材料的机械强度。最后，当动物在水面时，足以支撑 PTT >1 atm 的胸壁与呼吸不相容。
It has been suggested that the chest-wall (rib-cage, diaphragm, abdominal wall) of a diving animal is nearly incollapsible, and at deep depths can sustain a considerable trans-thoracic pressure PTT (=Pbody surfacePintra-thorax). In strong contrast, we argue on circulatory, blood pooling, biological material strength, and ventilatory grounds that this is incompatible with life. At a PTT of more than a third of an atm, or that experienced at a depth of only 3.5 m if the interior of the thorax remains at Psea-level, the heart is unable to perfuse tissues outside the thorax. To the extent that PTT is substantially larger than at sea level, blood will pool in the thoracic vessels with potentially lethal consequences of vascular rupture. From estimates of supporting tissue thickness and geometry, a PTT >1 atm would exceed the mechanical strength of known biological materials. Finally, a chest-wall sufficiently stiff to support a PTT >1 atm is not compatible with breathing when the animal is at the surface.