Differences in the metabolic and hormonal response to exercise between racing cyclists and untrained individuals.
Differences in the metabolic and hormonal response to exercise between racing cyclists and untrained individuals.
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自行车赛车手和未经训练的人对运动的代谢和荷尔蒙反应存在差异。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1976
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. R. Sulaiman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Bloom;R. Johnson;D. Park;M. Rennie;W. R. Sulaiman
1.对6名训练有素的自行车运动员和6名未受过训练的受试者在连续4个7min的30%、45%、60%和75%的最大作业量的训练中和训练后立即进行研究。2.在安静时、每次运动结束时和运动结束后5min采静脉血，测定血浆中胰岛素、生长激素、皮质醇和儿茶酚胺的含量。3.结果表明，自行车运动员与非训练组运动员在肌肉燃料的动员和利用上存在显著差异。自行车运动员运动时血糖、甘油和游离脂肪酸浓度高于未训练组，而乳酸、丙酮酸和丙氨酸浓度低于未训练组。4.在运动过程中，两组的血浆儿茶酚胺水平均有所升高，但赛车运动员的上升幅度明显较小。非训练组受试者在运动过程中血浆胰岛素受到较大程度的抑制，而非训练组在剧烈运动时血浆胰高血糖素有较大幅度的升高，并在运动结束后维持在较高水平。在未训练组中，血浆生长激素在运动过程中上升幅度更大，运动结束后仍保持升高。在低和中等运动率下，两组的血浆皮质醇都有所下降，但骑自行车的人下降的幅度较小。运动量越大，皮质醇水平越高，自行车运动员运动结束时皮质醇水平显著升高。5.运动训练与非运动训练的受试者在运动时的代谢反应和激素反应存在显著差异，即使身体状况良好的受试者与非受试者以相同的最大运动能力百分比工作也是如此。
1. Six well‐trained cyclists and six untrained subjects were studied during and immediately after four successive 7 min periods of exercise at 30, 45, 60 and 75% of their maximal work capacity. 2. Venous blood samples were taken at rest, at the end of each exercise period and 5 min following the end of exercise, for estimation of metabolites in blood and plasma insulin, growth hormone, cortisol and catecholamines. 3. The results showed significant differences in the mobilization and utilization of muscle fuels between the athletically fit cyclists and the untrained group. In the cyclists, glucose, glycerol and free fatty acid concentrations were higher, but lactate, pyruvate and alanine were lower than in the untrained subjects during exercise. 4. Plasma catecholamines rose in both groups during exercise but the rise was significantly less in the racing cyclists. Plasma insulin was depressed to a greater extent in the untrained subjects during exercise and plasma glucagon rose to a greater extent during strenuous exercise and remained elevated after the end of exercise in the untrained group. Plasma human growth hormone rose to a greater extent during exercise and remained elevated after the end of exercise in the untrained group. Plasma cortisol fell at low and moderate exercise rates in both groups, but to a smaller extent in the cyclists. Cortisol values rose at higher workloads and were significantly higher in the cyclists at the end of exercise. 5. It is concluded that there are significant differences in the metabolic and hormonal responses to exercise between athletically trained and untrained individuals, even when the physically fit subjects work at the same percentage of their maximal capacity as the unfit subjects.