The potential impact of adverse aircraft-pilot couplings on the safety of tilt-rotor operations

The potential impact of adverse aircraft-pilot couplings on the safety of tilt-rotor operations
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不利的飞机-飞行员耦合对倾转旋翼操作安全的潜在影响

DOI:
10.1017/aer.2022.20
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
The Aeronautical Journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Padfield G
Padfield G
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Padfield G

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本文讨论了当飞行员或自动驾驶仪试图用强控制约束飞行动力学时,不利的飞机-驾驶员耦合对倾转旋翼安全的潜在影响。这项工作建立在先前发表的关于固定翼和旋翼飞机约束飞行理论和应用的研究基础上。倾转旋翼飞机的特点,从这两种类型的飞机和如何这些决定的行为在一个独特的方式进行了调查,使用FLIGHTLAB模拟模型的XV-15飞机。使用线性化模型,详细探讨了两种不同的情况,这些模型反映了与配平小偏差的飞行物理稳定性。首先,纵向循环俯仰和升降舵对垂直飞行轨迹的控制,以及对飞机喘振模式和短周期俯仰-升沉模式稳定性的影响。在直升机模式下,倾转旋翼在低于最小功率的速度下飞行时存在经典的激波模式不稳定性,但在转换模式和飞行模式下有所缓解。对短周期模式的影响被认为是稳定俯仰姿态和不稳定入射角(攻角)对飞行路径角的贡献之间的权衡。第二个例子涉及副翼偏航存在时对横摇姿态的强控制。在这里,偏航-摇摆运动可能会导致不稳定,这是固定翼飞机遇到的问题,风标稳定性较弱,但在旋翼飞机世界中很少见。对于这两个例子,稳定性损失表示为有效阻尼或刚度稳定导数的符号变化。提出了这些非振荡或低频飞机-飞行员耦合的解释理论,以及根据处理质量标准的解释。本文还讨论了如何将研究结果转化为对飞行员培训社区有用的航空知识的问题。
This paper addresses the potential impact of adverse aircraft-pilot couplings on tiltrotor safety, when a pilot or autopilot attempts to constrain flight dynamics with strong control. The work builds on previously published research on the theory and application of constrained flight to fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft. Tiltrotor aircraft feature characteristics from both types of aircraft and how these determine behaviour in a unique manner is investigated using a FLIGHTLAB simulation model of the XV-15 aircraft. Two different scenarios are explored in detail, using linearised models that reflect the flight-physics of stability for small deviations from trim. First, the control of vertical flight path with longitudinal cyclic pitch and elevator, and the consequences for the stability of the aircraft surge mode and short-period pitch-heave mode. The classical surge-mode instability for flight at speeds below minimum power is shown to apply to the tiltrotor in helicopter mode but alleviated in conversion and airplane modes. The impact on the short–period mode is seen to be a trade-off between the stabilising pitch attitude and destabilising incidence (angle-of-attack) contributions to the flight-path angle. The second example concerns strong control of roll attitude in the presence of adverse aileron-yaw. Here, the yaw-sway motion can be driven unstable, a problem encountered on fixed-wing aircraft with weak weathercock stability, but rare in the rotorcraft world. For both examples, the loss of stability is expressed as the change in sign of effective damping or stiffness stability derivatives. The explanatory theory for these non-oscillatory or low-frequency aircraft-pilot couplings is presented, along with interpretations in terms of handling qualities criteria. The paper also addresses the question of how to translate the findings into a form of aeronautical knowledge useful for the pilot training community.
低于最小功率速度的飞行路径约束下旋翼机-飞行员耦合的研究
DOI: --
发表时间: 2010
影响因子: 1.4
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FLIGHTLAB 虚拟工程工具集的验证
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直升机飞行动力学:包括倾斜旋翼飞机的处理 – 第三版 G. D. Padfield John Wiley and Sons,The Atrium,Southern Gate,Chichester,West Sussex,PO19 8SQ。xlii 810 页;ISBN 978-1-119。 -40105-6。
DOI: 10.1017/aer.2019.103
发表时间: 2019
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影响因子: --
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DOI: --
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