SENSORY FUNCTIONING AND INTELLIGENCE IN OLD-AGE - A STRONG CONNECTION
SENSORY FUNCTIONING AND INTELLIGENCE IN OLD-AGE - A STRONG CONNECTION
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DOI：
10.1037/0882-7974.9.3.339
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发表时间：
1994-09-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
BALTES, PB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LINDENBERGER, U;BALTES, PB
年龄、感觉功能（即，视觉和听觉敏锐度）和智力在老年和非常老年个体的异质、年龄分层样本中进行了检查（N = 156，M年龄= 84.9岁，年龄范围= 70-103）。智力评估采用14项测试，测量5种认知能力（速度、推理、记忆、知识和流畅性）。视觉和听觉灵敏度共同占总的49.2%和93.1%的年龄相关的可靠的智力变异。这些数据与结构模型相一致，在结构模型中，智力（包括速度）的年龄差异完全由视觉和听觉差异介导。结果表明，感觉功能是一个强大的晚年预测的智力功能的个体差异。解释进行了讨论，包括视觉和感觉敏锐度的可能性，是老化大脑的生理完整性的指标（共同原因假设）。
Relations among age, sensory functioning (i.e., visual and auditory acuity), and intelligence were examined in a heterogeneous, age-stratified sample of old and very old individuals (N = 156, M age = 84.9 years, age range = 70-103). Intelligence was assessed with 14 tests measuring 5 cognitive abilities (speed, reasoning, memory, knowledge, and fluency). Together, visual and auditory acuity accounted for 49.2% of the total and 93.1% of the age-related reliable variance in intelligence. The data were consistent with structural models in which age differences in intelligence, including speed, are completely mediated by differences in vision and hearing. Results suggest that sensory functioning is a strong late-life predictor of individual differences in intellectual functioning. Explanations are discussed, including the possibility that visual and sensory acuity are indicators of the physiological integrity of the aging brain (common cause hypothesis).