Is ADHD a disinhibitory disorder?
Is ADHD a disinhibitory disorder?
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DOI：
10.1037/0033-2909.127.5.571
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
J. Nigg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Nigg
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）被广泛认为是源于功能失调的抑制过程。然而，抑制的定义是不准确的区分不同的理论。为了澄清这一概念的证据，作者依赖于对执行控制下的抑制和动机控制下的抑制（焦虑或恐惧）之间的启发式区分。有人认为，多动症是不太可能是由于动机抑制控制缺陷，虽然建议进行更多的研究，可能会推翻这一结论。ADHD合并型的执行运动抑制过程中的缺陷的证据是更令人信服的，但不是同样强的所有形式的执行抑制控制。剩下的问题包括ADHD的特异性，是否抑制问题是主要或次要的，在引起ADHD，共病焦虑和行为障碍的作用，以及在注意力不集中的ADHD亚型的功能缺陷。
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is widely theorized to stem from dysfunctional inhibitory processes. However, the definition of inhibition is imprecisely distinguished across theories. To clarify the evidence for this conception, the author relies on a heuristic distinction between inhibition that is under executive control and inhibition that is under motivational control (anxiety or fear). It is argued that ADHD is unlikely to be due to a motivational inhibitory control deficit, although suggestions are made for additional studies that could overturn that conclusion. Evidence for a deficit in an executive motor inhibition process for the ADHD combined type is more compelling but is not equally strong for all forms of executive inhibitory control. Remaining issues include specificity to ADHD, whether inhibitory problems are primary or secondary in causing ADHD, role of comorbid anxiety and conduct disorder, and functional deficits in the inattentive ADHD subtype.