Taking perspective in conversation: The role of mutual knowledge in comprehension
Taking perspective in conversation: The role of mutual knowledge in comprehension
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-9280.00211
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Brauner, JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keysar, B;Barr, DJ;Brauner, JS
当人们解释语言时，他们可以通过使用有关视角的信息来减少语言表达的模糊性：说话者的、自己的或共同的视角。为了研究这种视角背后的心理过程，我们追踪了人们在按照指令操作物体时的眼球运动。两个实验的注视数据表明，人们并不局限于对已知对象的搜索。眼球运动表明，即使说话者看不见这些物体，被说话者也会将这些物体视为潜在的指称物，这就要求被说话者利用共同的知识来纠正他们的解释。因此，人们在理解时偶尔会使用自我中心启发式。我们认为这种以自我为中心的启发式在减少歧义方面是成功的，尽管它可能导致系统错误。
When people interpret language, they can reduce the ambiguity of linguistic expressions by using information about perspective: the speaker's, their own, or a shared perspective. In order to investigate the mental processes that underlie such perspective taking, we tracked people's eye movements while they were following instructions to manipulate objects. The eye fixation data in two experiments demonstrate that people do not restrict the search for referents to mutually known objects. Eye movements indicated that addressees considered objects as potential referents even when the speaker could not see those objects, requiring addressees to use mutual knowledge to correct their interpretation. Thus, people occasionally use an egocentric heuristic when they comprehend. We argue that this egocentric heuristic is successful in reducing ambiguity, though it could lead to a systematic error.