Bees under stress: sublethal doses of a neonicotinoid pesticide and pathogens interact to elevate honey bee mortality across the life cycle
Bees under stress: sublethal doses of a neonicotinoid pesticide and pathogens interact to elevate honey bee mortality across the life cycle
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DOI：
10.1111/1462-2920.12426
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Paxton, Robert J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doublet, Vincent;Labarussias, Maureen;Paxton, Robert J.
微生物病原体被认为对昆虫种群具有深远的影响。北半球蜜蜂的蜂群损失增加，可能是由于各种新出现的微生物病原体，农药可能与这些微生物病原体相互作用，加剧其影响。为了揭示这种潜在的相互作用，我们在实验室中分别向幼虫和成年蜜蜂施用亚致死和现场实际剂量的一种新烟碱类农药（噻虫啉）和两种常见的微生物病原体，即侵入性微孢子虫蜜蜂微孢子虫和黑蜂王细胞病毒（BQCV）。通过单独或联合进行治疗的完全交叉实验，我们发现 BQCV 和噻虫啉之间对宿主幼虫存活率的附加相互作用可能是因为该农药显着提高了病毒载量。在成年蜜蜂中，两种协同相互作用增加了个体死亡率：中华蜜蜂和 BQCV 之间，以及中华蜜蜂和噻虫啉之间。两种病原体的组合对提高成人死亡率的影响比蜜蜂加噻虫啉的组合更深远。常见的微生物病原体似乎是蜜蜂的主要威胁，而亚致死剂量的农药可能会增强其对蜜蜂幼虫和成虫的有害影响。这些相互作用是否会影响群体生存仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。
Microbial pathogens are thought to have a profound impact on insect populations. Honey bees are suffering from elevated colony losses in the northern hemisphere possibly because of a variety of emergent microbial pathogens, with which pesticides may interact to exacerbate their impacts. To reveal such potential interactions, we administered at sublethal and field realistic doses one neonicotinoid pesticide (thiacloprid) and two common microbial pathogens, the invasive microsporidian Nosema ceranae and black queen cell virus (BQCV), individually to larval and adult honey bees in the laboratory. Through fully crossed experiments in which treatments were administered singly or in combination, we found an additive interaction between BQCV and thiacloprid on host larval survival likely because the pesticide significantly elevated viral loads. In adult bees, two synergistic interactions increased individual mortality: between N.ceranae and BQCV, and between N.ceranae and thiacloprid. The combination of two pathogens had a more profound effect on elevating adult mortality than N.ceranae plus thiacloprid. Common microbial pathogens appear to be major threats to honey bees, while sublethal doses of pesticide may enhance their deleterious effects on honey bee larvae and adults. It remains an open question as to whether these interactions can affect colony survival.