Population‐level thermal performance of a cold‐water ectotherm is linked to ontogeny and local environmental heterogeneity
Population‐level thermal performance of a cold‐water ectotherm is linked to ontogeny and local environmental heterogeneity
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冷水变温带的种群水平热性能与个体发育和局部环境异质性有关
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. S. Corn
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文献类型：
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作者：
B. Hossack;W. Lowe;M. Webb;M. Talbott;K. Kappenman;P. S. Corn
总结
据预测，全球变暖的负面影响对那些温度范围窄、扩散能力有限或世代时间长的物种最为严重。这些是许多栖息在小而冷的溪流中的物种的典型特征。
生境利用、脆弱性和应对当地条件的机制在种群之间和种群内部的个体遗传上可能不同，可能影响物种一级对气候变化的反应。然而，我们仍然对许多脊椎动物的平均热性能知之甚少，更不用说种群之间的性能变化了。这些来源的热性能的变化的评估是至关重要的预测气候变化对物种的影响，并确定管理策略，以减轻其影响。
为了评估落基山尾蛙（Ascaphus montanus）的种群如何应对气候变化的长期影响，我们测量了冰川国家公园（美国蒙大拿州）六个种群的蝌蚪的能力。来适应一系列的温度我们根据蝌蚪年龄（1年或2年），并根据纳塔尔流夏末温度的平均值和方差种群之间的生存进行了比较。
蝌蚪的能力，以适应温暖的温度随着年龄的增长，并在夏末的纳塔尔流的温度变化。此外，性能不同的人口从同一集水区。
我们对冷水物种的实验表明，种群水平的表现在小的地理尺度上各不相同，并与当地环境的异质性有关。这种变化可能会影响物种对气候变化的反应速度和模式，既可以促进当地的持久性，在面对热条件的变化，并提供耐热殖民者到邻近的人口。
Summary
Negative effects of global warming are predicted to be most severe for species that occupy a narrow range of temperatures, have limited dispersal abilities or have long generation times. These are characteristics typical of many species that occupy small, cold streams.
Habitat use, vulnerabilities and mechanisms for coping with local conditions can differ among populations and ontogenetically within populations, potentially affecting species-level responses to climate change. However, we still have little knowledge of mean thermal performance for many vertebrates, let alone variation in performance among populations. Assessment of these sources of variation in thermal performance is critical for projecting the effects of climate change on species and for identifying management strategies to ameliorate its effects.
To gauge how populations of the Rocky Mountain tailed frog (Ascaphus montanus) might respond to long-term effects of climate change, we measured the ability of tadpoles from six populations in Glacier National Park (Montana, U.S.A.) to acclimate to a range of temperatures. We compared survival among populations according to tadpole age (1 year or 2 years) and according to the mean and variance of late-summer temperatures in natal streams.
The ability of tadpoles to acclimate to warm temperatures increased with age and with variance in late-summer temperature of natal streams. Moreover, performance differed among populations from the same catchment.
Our experiments with a cold-water species show that population-level performance varies across small geographic scales and is linked to local environmental heterogeneity. This variation could influence the rate and mode of species-level responses to climate change, both by facilitating local persistence in the face of changes in thermal conditions and by providing thermally tolerant colonists to neighbouring populations.