Diversity and Habitat Specificity of Free-Living Protozoa in Commercial Poultry Houses
Diversity and Habitat Specificity of Free-Living Protozoa in Commercial Poultry Houses
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.02346-08
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Houf, Kurt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bare, Julie;Sabbe, Koen;Houf, Kurt
尽管采取了严格的生物安全措施，但弯曲杆菌等细菌性食品病原体的感染在工业禽舍中仍是一个反复出现的问题。由于主要传播途径尚不清楚，这些感染的持久性与细菌的生存和可能在原生动物载体内的繁殖有关。然而，到目前为止，几乎没有关于这些环境中自由生活的原生动物的多样性和发生情况的信息。利用对自然样品的浓缩培养和分子方法(变性梯度凝胶电泳法[DGGE])的显微分析相结合的方法，我们发现，尽管有严格的卫生管理，自由生活的原虫在商业家禽养殖场的水和干样品中都很常见，而且在6周的养殖期内普遍存在。原生动物群落高度多样化(超过90个形态分类群和来自测序带的22个独特的系统类型)，包括几个兼性病原体和已知的细菌媒介。水样始终比干水样更多样化，并有不同的群落，主要以鞭毛虫为主。基于形态的方法和基于分子的方法得到了明显不同的结果：在DGGE分析中，阿米巴和纤毛虫多样性被严重低估，而在显微镜分析中没有发现一些鞭毛群。提出了改进商品化鸡舍生物安全措施的建议。
Despite stringent biosecurity measures, infections by bacterial food pathogens such as Campylobacter are a recurrent problem in industrial poultry houses. As the main transmission route remains unclear, persistence of these infections has been linked to bacterial survival and possibly multiplication within protozoan vectors. To date, however, virtually no information is available on the diversity and occurrence of free-living protozoa in these environments. Using a combination of microscopic analyses of enrichment cultures and molecular methods (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE]) on natural samples, we show that, despite strict hygiene management, free-living protozoa are common and widespread throughout a 6-week rearing period in both water and dry samples from commercial poultry houses. Protozoan communities were highly diverse (over 90 morphotaxa and 22 unique phylotypes from sequenced bands) and included several facultative pathogens and known bacterial vectors. Water samples were consistently more diverse than dry ones and harbored different communities, mainly dominated by flagellates. The morphology-based and molecular methods yielded markedly different results: amoebic and, to a lesser degree, ciliate diversity was seriously underestimated in the DGGE analyses, while some flagellate groups were not found in the microscopic analyses. Some recommendations for improving biosecurity measures in commercial poultry houses are suggested.