Does organized crime exist in Africa
Does organized crime exist in Africa
复制标题
非洲是否存在有组织犯罪
DOI：
10.1093/afraf/adv035
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
M. Shaw
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Ellis;M. Shaw
国际社会对非洲有组织犯罪的增长日益感到关切。非洲有重要的犯罪组织和专业罪犯，但我们认为，“有组织犯罪”一词并不是对其活动的非常有用的描述，因为我们实际上看到的是将政治和犯罪重新表述为超越国家/非国家边界的网络，其方式很难被纳入有组织犯罪的标准概念。类似的进程正在世界各地发生，因此非洲国家在这方面也不例外。然而，这一进程在非洲确实采取了特定的形式，这些形式源于个别国家的历史。这篇文章描述了利比亚、几内亚比绍和津巴布韦等不同国家保护市场的演变，因为商人--无论是合法的还是其他的--为他们的活动和人员寻求保护。这种保护市场是通过私人安排创造的，通常是国家官员以私人身份工作。其影响是深远的：它们可能相当于一种将非洲与国际市场和机构联系起来的新的治理模式，在这种模式下，合法和非法经济活动之间的区别变得难以察觉。
There is increasing international concern about the growth of organized crime in Africa. Important criminal organizations and professional criminals are present in Africa, but we argue that the term "organized crime" is not a very useful description of their activity, since what we are actually witnessing is a reformulation of politics and crime into networks that transcend the state/non-state boundary in ways that are hardly subsumed in standard concepts of organized crime. Similar processes are taking place in various parts of the world, and thus African countries are not exceptional in this regard. The process, however, does take particular forms in Africa that arise out of the histories of individual countries. The article describes the evolution in countries as diverse as Libya, Guinea-Bissau, and Zimbabwe of a market for protection, as business people - legitimate and otherwise - seek protection for their activities and their personnel. This market for protection is created by making private arrangements, often with state officials working in private capacities. The implications are profound: they could amount to a new mode of governance connecting Africa to international markets and institutions in which the distinctions between licit and illicit economic activity become difficult to detect.