Tungstate-induced color-pattern modifications of butterfly wings are independent of stress response and ecdysteroid effect
Tungstate-induced color-pattern modifications of butterfly wings are independent of stress response and ecdysteroid effect
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DOI：
10.2108/zsj.22.635
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Yamamoto, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Otaki, JM;Ogasawara, T;Yamamoto, H
在蛹化后立即将钨酸钠（一种蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶（PTPase）抑制剂）全身注射到蛹中，已被证明能有效地在许多种类的蝴蝶的翅膀上产生特征的颜色图案改变。本研究表明，钨酸盐诱导的修饰模式与其他化学诱导的修饰模式完全不同。在该物种中，全身注射钨酸盐会产生特征性的黑色区域扩张和白色区域收缩，并伴有副焦点元素向翼基部移动。总的来说，模式边界变得模糊了。相比之下，一种完全不同的修饰模式，翅膀的整体变暗，是通过注射应激诱导化学物质，thapsigargin，离子霉素，或格尔达霉素，观察到的，在成年夏季形式的饲养条件下的蛹。在腹侧翅膀上，这种变黑是由于带胡椒的深色鳞片比例的增加，这让人联想到该物种的自然坠落形式。在相同的饲养条件下，注射表皮甾体激素（一种众所周知的激素，是造成蛱蝶季节性多表型的原因），使橙色区域整体扩大，特别是在眼点周围。综上所述，我们得出结论，钨酸盐诱导的修饰与应激反应和表皮甾体效应明显不同。这一结论表明，假定的对钨酸盐敏感的PTPase信号通路对蝴蝶翅膀颜色图案的发育有独特的贡献。
Systemic injections of sodium tungstate, a protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) inhibitor, to pupae immediately after pupation have been shown to efficiently produce characteristic color-pattern modifications on the wings of many species of butterflies. Here we demonstrated that the tungstate-induced modification pattern was entirely different from other chemically-induced ones in a species of nymphalid butterfly Junonia (Precis) orithya. In this species, the systemic injections of tungstate produced characteristic expansion of black area and shrinkage of white area together with the move of parafocal elements toward the wing base. Overall, pattern boundaries became obscure. In contrast, an entirely different modification pattern, overall darkening of wings, was observed by the injections of stress-inducing chemicals, thapsigargin, ionomycin, or geldanamycin, to pupae under the rearing conditions for the adult summer form. On the ventral wings, this darkening was due to an increase of the proportion of peppered dark scales, which was reminiscent of the natural fall form of this species. Under the same rearing conditions, the injections of ecdysteroid, which is a well-known hormone being responsible for the seasonal polyphenism of nymphalid butterflies, yielded overall expansion of orange area especially around eyespots. Taken together, we conclude that the tungstate-induced modifications are clearly distinguishable from those of stress response and ecdysteroid effect. This conclusion then suggests that the putative PTPase signaling pathway that is sensitive to tungstate uniquely contributes to the wing-wide color-pattern development in butterflies.