Understanding Differences in Wayfinding Strategies
Understanding Differences in Wayfinding Strategies
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DOI：
10.1111/tops.12592
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发表时间：
2022-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Chrastil, Elizabeth R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hegarty, Mary;He, Chuanxiuyue;Chrastil, Elizabeth R.
在已知环境中导航到目标位置（寻路）可以通过不同的策略来完成，特别是通过采取习惯的，熟悉的路线（响应策略）或通过推断新的路径，如捷径，从环境布局的空间知识（位置策略）。人类和动物神经科学研究表明，这些策略反映了不同的大脑系统，反应策略更多地依赖于纹状体的激活，而位置策略则与海马体的激活相关。除了策略上的个体差异，最近的行为研究还显示了性别差异，比如男性比女性更常使用位置策略，以及年龄差异，比如老年人比年轻人更常使用反应策略。本文采用综合的多层次方法来理解这些差异，将寻路描述为复杂的信息处理任务。该分析揭示了影响导航策略的因素，包括相关类型环境知识的可用性，对这些知识的短暂访问，在不同导航环境中体力和精神努力之间的权衡，以及风险承担。我们考虑了导航任务的计算需求和影响导航神经回路的因素如何影响策略。我们还讨论了迄今为止实验室研究的局限性，并概述了未来研究的重点，包括将寻路策略与空间知识的独立测量相关联，以及在自然环境中研究寻路策略。
Navigating to goal locations in a known environment (wayfinding) can be accomplished by different strategies, notably by taking habitual, well-learned routes (response strategy) or by inferring novel paths, such as shortcuts, from spatial knowledge of the environment's layout (place strategy). Human and animal neuroscience studies reveal that these strategies reflect different brain systems, with response strategies relying more on activation of the striatum and place strategies associated with activation of the hippocampus. In addition to individual differences in strategy, recent behavioral studies show sex differences such that men use place strategies more than women, and age differences such that older adults use more response strategies than younger adults. This paper takes a comprehensive multilevel approach to understanding these differences, characterizing wayfinding as a complex information processing task. This analysis reveals factors that affect navigation strategy, including availability of the relevant type of environmental knowledge, momentary access to this knowledge, trade-offs between physical and mental effort in different navigation contexts, and risk taking. We consider how strategies are influenced by the computational demands of a navigation task and by factors that affect the neural circuits underlying navigation. We also discuss limitations of laboratory studies to date and outline priorities for future research, including relating wayfinding strategies to independent measures of spatial knowledge, and studying wayfinding strategies in naturalistic environments.