Dysfunction of the human memory systems: role of the dopaminergic transmission
Dysfunction of the human memory systems: role of the dopaminergic transmission
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DOI：
10.1097/00019052-200312002-00003
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发表时间：
2003-12-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Laurent, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dujardin, K;Laurent, B
人类记忆目前被认为是由不同的子系统subserved不同的解剖功能网络。然而，记忆障碍的生物化学基础仍然不清楚。本综述的重点是帕金森病的研究数据，以确定多巴胺能系统在情节记忆和程序学习中所发挥的作用。帕金森病患者的情景记忆障碍模式非常特殊：帕金森病患者表现出保留的编码、存储和巩固新信息的能力，但在检索时存在困难。当患者必须自我启动记忆策略时，这种缺陷尤其明显，因为当检索线索明确呈现时，他们不会受到损害。这可能反映了执行功能障碍，并与联合纹状体-前额叶回路的中断有关。它被观察到与口头以及视觉空间材料。在程序性学习任务中，帕金森病患者在试验中表现出比健康对照组更低的渐进性表现增强。然而，这种损害主要涉及初始学习阶段，似乎高度依赖于任务的运动需求。多巴胺耗竭在这些赤字中所扮演的角色仍然是一个有争议的主题，因为一些研究表明多巴胺能系统参与认知功能，尽管其他结果并不支持它。其他神经传递系统可能参与帕金森病认知功能障碍的病理生理学，目前最受关注的是胆碱能假说。
Human memory is currently considered to consist of different subsystems subserved by different anatomofunctional networks. However, the biochemical basis of memory disturbances remains unclear. The present review focuses on data from studies in Parkinson's disease in order to define the role played by the dopaminergic system in episodic memory and procedural learning. The pattern of episodic memory disturbances in Parkinson's disease is very specific: Parkinson's disease patients display a preserved ability to encode, store and consolidate new information but have difficulties in retrieving it. This deficit is particularly observed when patients have to self-initiate remembering strategies, as they are unimpaired when retrieval cues are explicitly presented. This probably reflects executive dysfunction, and is related to the disruption of the associative striato-prefrontal circuit. It is observed with verbal as well as visuospatial material. On procedural learning tasks, Parkinson's disease patients display a lower progressive performance enhancement over trials than healthy controls. However, this impairment mainly concerns the initial learning phase and appears to be highly dependent on the motor demands of the task. The role played by dopamine depletion in these deficits remains a subject of debate as some studies suggest the involvement of the dopaminergic system in cognitive function, although other results do not support it. Other neurotransmission systems are probably involved in the pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, and currently it is the cholinergic hypothesis that is the most considered.