Flowering Time-Regulated Genes in Maize Include the Transcription Factor ZmMADS1
Flowering Time-Regulated Genes in Maize Include the Transcription Factor ZmMADS1
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.16.00285
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Dresselhaus, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alter, Philipp;Bircheneder, Susanne;Dresselhaus, Thomas
开花时间（FTi）控制在长日照植物拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）中被很好地检验，并且对于短日照植物水稻（Oryza sativa）可获得越来越多的知识。相比之下，对白天中性和农艺学上重要的作物玉米（Zea mays）知之甚少。为了了解更多关于FTi和确定新的监管机构在这个物种中，我们首先比较了花的过渡时间点的近30个玉米自交系，并表明，热带线表现出延迟开花过渡超过3周的长日照条件下相比，欧洲燧石线适应温带气候区。我们进一步分析了在开花转变中表现出强烈差异的四个品系的叶转录组，以确定玉米开花控制网络的新的关键参与者。我们发现这些品系之间受调控的基因之间存在很大差异，因此假设FTi的调控在玉米中非常复杂。特别是编码MADS盒转录调控因子的基因在分生组织转换过程中在叶片中被上调。选择ZmMADS 1进行功能研究。我们证明，它代表了一个功能直系同源物的中央FTi整合器的过表达的常量1（SOC1）的拟南芥。RNA干扰介导的ZmMADS1下调导致玉米FTi延迟，而强过表达导致早花表型，表明其作为开花激活剂的作用。综上所述，我们报告说，ZmMADS1代表一个积极的FTi调节器，共享一个进化保守的功能与SOC 1，现在可以作为一个理想的出发点，研究整合和变化的FTi途径也在玉米。
Flowering time (FTi) control is well examined in the long-day plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and increasing knowledge is available for the short-day plant rice (Oryza sativa). In contrast, little is known in the day-neutral and agronomically important crop plant maize (Zea mays). To learn more about FTi and to identify novel regulators in this species, we first compared the time points of floral transition of almost 30 maize inbred lines and show that tropical lines exhibit a delay in flowering transition of more than 3 weeks under long-day conditions compared with European flint lines adapted to temperate climate zones. We further analyzed the leaf transcriptomes of four lines that exhibit strong differences in flowering transition to identify new key players of the flowering control network in maize. We found strong differences among regulated genes between these lines and thus assume that the regulation of FTi is very complex in maize. Especially genes encoding MADS box transcriptional regulators are up-regulated in leaves during the meristem transition. ZmMADS1 was selected for functional studies. We demonstrate that it represents a functional ortholog of the central FTi integrator SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) of Arabidopsis. RNA interference-mediated down-regulation of ZmMADS1 resulted in a delay of FTi in maize, while strong overexpression caused an early-flowering phenotype, indicating its role as a flowering activator. Taken together, we report that ZmMADS1 represents a positive FTi regulator that shares an evolutionarily conserved function with SOC1 and may now serve as an ideal stating point to study the integration and variation of FTi pathways also in maize.