Contributions from behavioral theories of choice to an analysis of alcohol abuse.
Contributions from behavioral theories of choice to an analysis of alcohol abuse.
复制标题
选择行为理论对酒精滥用分析的贡献。
DOI：
10.1037//0021-843x.97.2.181
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Tucker,JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vuchinich,RE;Tucker,JA
行为选择理论被应用于对饮酒成为一系列可用活动中高度优先的活动的条件进行分析。该办法突出了两类变量，它们是酒精偏好的重要决定因素：(A)直接限制获得酒精的机会和(B)是否有其他增强剂的供应和获得这些物质的限制。对人类和动物酒精和药物自我给药研究的选择性审查表明，对酒精和药物消费的偏好(A)与对消费的直接限制成反比，(B)与替代增强剂的供应成反比，与获得替代增强剂的限制成正比。因此，酒精消费成为高度优先活动的环境条件可能涉及对获得酒精和稀疏替代增强剂的最小限制和/或对获得它们的更高限制。在决定自然环境中的酒精消耗量时，后一种变量可能更为重要。描述了酒精复发的研究应用，并探索了在自然环境中进行临床研究的一般意义。讨论了该方法的局限性及其与研究酒精滥用的其他方法的互补关系。
Behavioral theories of choice are applied to an analysis of the conditions under which alcohol consumption emerges as a highly preferred activity from among a set of available activities. The approach highlights two classes of variables as important determinants of alcohol preference:(a) direct constraints on access to alcohol and (b) availability of other reinforcers and constraints on access to them. A selective review of studies of human and animal alcohol and drug self-administration indicates that preference for alcohol and drug consumption (a) varies inversely with direct constraints on consumption and (b) varies inversely with the availability of alternative reinforcers and directly with constraints on access to them. Environmental conditions under which alcohol consumption emerges as a highly preferred activity may thus involve minimal constraints on access to alcohol and sparse alternative reinforcers and/or heightened constraints on access to them. The latter variables may be more important in determining alcohol consumption in natural environments. A research application to alcoholic relapse is described, and general implications for clinical research in natural environments are explored. Limitations of the approach and its complementary relation to other approaches to studying alcohol abuse are discussed.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)