A FAMILY WITH TOTAL COLOUR‐BLINDNESS
A FAMILY WITH TOTAL COLOUR‐BLINDNESS
复制标题
一个完全色盲的家庭
DOI：
10.1111/j.1755-3768.1940.tb07958.x
复制
发表时间：
1940
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
C. V. Lodberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Holm;C. V. Lodberg
全色盲，也称为单色症或色盲，是一种很容易识别的异常，因为受其影响的个体，除了色盲本身如此明显以至于无法逃脱注意之外，还表现出许多其他症状。因此，有一个综合征的问题，其中一个单一的症状是色盲。外斜视已经表现为眼恐怖症，这导致患者即使在普通日光下也会紧闭眼睑，并表现为明显的波动性眼球震颤。此外，存在相当大的弱视，视力降低到6/60或甚至更低，这种影响因此具有严重的致残作用。当照明减少时，患者更自由地睁开眼睛，眼球震颤变得不那么明显，并且他们的视力改善（夜盲症）。单色者的暗视觉和正常人差不多。用光谱仪进一步检查，发现了其他非常典型的症状。首先，单色者感觉不到颜色的差异，因此他可以通过找到强度之间的确切比例来使任何两种颜色看起来相似。第二，在他看来，光谱在红端缩短了，最后他发现它的最大强度从黄色偏离到绿色。因此，他不会感知到C线（655 pp）之外的红色，而不是光谱的最大值。
Total colour blindness, also called monochromasia, or achromatopsia, is an anomaly easily recognized, because the individuals affected with it, besides the colour-blindness, which is in itself so pronounced that it cannot escape notice, present a number of other symptoms. Thus there is a question of a syndrome one single symptom of which is the colourblindness. Outwardly i t manifests itself already by photophobia, which causes the patients to tighten their eyelids even in ordinary daylight, and by pronounced undulatory nystagmus. Moreover, there is considerable amblyopia with vision reduced to 6/60 or even less, the affection thus having a severely disabling effect. When the illumination is reduced, the patients open their eyes more freely, the nystagmus becomes less pronounced, and their vision improves (Nyctalopia) . A monochromat’s dark vision is about as good as that of a normal person. Further examination with the spectral apparatus discloses other very characteristic symptoms. In the first place, the monochromat does not perceive differences of colour, therefore he can get any two colours to look alike by finding the exact proportion between the intensities. In the second place, the spectrum appears to him shortened at the red end, and finally he finds that its maximum of intensity deviates from yellow to green. Thus he does not perceive the red outside the line C (655 p p ) and, instead of the maximum of the spectrum